Gada wani muhimmin ƙirƙira ne a tarihin ɗan adam. Tun zamanin da da mutane ke amfani da bishiyu da aka toshe da jifa-jifa don ketare magudanar ruwa da kwazazzabai, zuwa ga yin amfani da gadoji da ma gadoji na igiya, juyin halitta ya kasance abin ban mamaki. Bude gadar Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao a baya-bayan nan ta nuna muhimmin ci gaba a tarihin gadoji. A cikin ginin gada na zamani, baya ga yin amfani da simintin siminti da aka ƙarfafa, kayan ƙarfe, musamman ma'adinan aluminum, sun zama zaɓi na yau da kullun saboda fa'idodi iri-iri.
A shekara ta 1933, an yi amfani da bene na gadar alloy na farko a duniya akan gadar da ta ratsa wani kogi a Pittsburgh a Amurka. Fiye da shekaru goma bayan haka, a shekara ta 1949, Kanada ta kammala wata gada mai cike da alkama da ke ratsa kogin Saguenay da ke Quebec, tare da tsawon tazarar mita 88.4. Wannan gada ita ce sifa ta farko da aka yi a duniya. Gadar tana da ramuka masu tsayi kusan mita 15 da kuma hanyoyi biyu don zirga-zirgar ababen hawa. Ya yi amfani da 2014-T6 aluminum gami kuma yana da jimlar nauyin tan 163. Idan aka kwatanta da gadar karfe da aka shirya da farko, ya rage nauyi da kusan kashi 56%.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, yanayin gadoji na tsarin allo na aluminum ya kasance wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba. Tsakanin 1949 da 1985, United Kingdom ta gina kusan 35 aluminum alloy structural gadoji, yayin da Jamus ta gina a kusa da 20 irin wadannan gadoji tsakanin 1950 da 1970. Gina gada da yawa ya ba da kwarewa mai mahimmanci ga masu ginin gada na aluminum.
Idan aka kwatanta da karfe, kayan haɗin gwal na aluminum suna da ƙananan ƙima, suna sa su fi sauƙi, tare da kawai 34% na nauyin karfe don girman wannan girma. Duk da haka, suna da halaye masu ƙarfi kamar karfe. Bugu da ƙari, aluminium alloys suna nuna kyakkyawan ƙarfi da juriya na lalata yayin da suke da ƙarancin kulawar tsarin. A sakamakon haka, sun sami aikace-aikace mai yawa a cikin ginin gada na zamani.
Kasar Sin ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a aikin gina gada. Gadar Zhaozhou, tana da shekaru sama da 1500, tana daya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da aka samu na aikin injiniyan gada na zamanin da na kasar Sin. A wannan zamani da muke ciki, tare da taimakon tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, kasar Sin ta kuma gina wasu gadoji na karfe da dama, wadanda suka hada da gadojin kogin Yangtze a Nanjing da Wuhan, da kuma gadar kogin Pearl dake Guangzhou. Duk da haka, aikace-aikacen gadoji na aluminum gami a China ya bayyana yana da iyaka. Gadar tsarin gadar ta farko a kasar Sin ita ce gadar masu tafiya a kafa a kan titin Qingchun a birnin Hangzhou, wadda aka gina a shekarar 2007. Injiniyoyin gadar Jamus ne suka kera wannan gadar, kuma an shigo da dukkan kayayyakin daga Jamus. A cikin wannan shekarar, an gina gadar masu tafiya a ƙasa a Xujiahui a birnin Shanghai gaba ɗaya kuma an kera ta a cikin gida ta hanyar amfani da sifofi na gami da aluminium. Da farko ya yi amfani da 6061-T6 aluminum gami kuma, duk da nauyin kansa na 15-ton, zai iya tallafawa nauyin 50 ton.
A nan gaba, gadoji gami da aluminium suna da buƙatun ci gaba da yawa a cikin Sin saboda dalilai da yawa:
1 Aikin gina layin dogo na kasar Sin yana samun bunkasuwa, musamman a wurare masu sarkakiya na yankunan yammacin kasar dake da kwaruruka da koguna masu yawa. Aluminum gami gadoji, saboda sauƙin sufuri da kaddarorin masu nauyi, ana sa ran samun kasuwa mai mahimmanci.
2 Kayan ƙarfe suna da haɗari ga tsatsa kuma suna da ƙarancin aiki a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi. Lalacewar ƙarfe yana tasiri sosai ga kwanciyar hankali, yana haifar da ƙarin farashin kulawa da haɗarin aminci. Sabanin haka, kayan gami na aluminum suna da juriya mai ƙarfi kuma suna aiki da kyau a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi, yana sa su dace da yanayin yanayi daban-daban da kuma tabbatar da dorewa na dogon lokaci. Duk da yake gadoji na alloy na aluminum na iya samun ƙarin farashin ginin farko, ƙarancin kulawar su na iya taimakawa rage gibin farashin kan lokaci.
3 Bincike akan bangarorin gada na aluminum, a cikin gida da na duniya, an haɓaka da kyau, kuma waɗannan kayan ana amfani da su sosai. Ci gaba a cikin binciken kayan aiki yana ba da tabbacin fasaha don haɓaka sabbin kayan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda suka dace da buƙatun aiki daban-daban. Kamfanonin aluminium na kasar Sin, gami da jiga-jigan masana'antu kamar Liaoning Zhongwang, sannu a hankali sun karkata hankalinsu ga bayanan martabar aluminium na masana'antu, tare da aza harsashin ginin gada ta aluminum.
4 Gaggarumin aikin titin jirgin karkashin kasa na birane a cikin manyan biranen kasar Sin yana ba da bukatu masu tsauri ga tsarin daga sama. Saboda fa'idodin nauyinsu mai mahimmanci, ana iya hasashen cewa za a ƙirƙira da yin amfani da ƙarin masu tafiya a ƙasa da gadoji na manyan titina a nan gaba.
May Jiang ta gyara daga MAT Aluminum
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-15-2024
