1. raguwa
A ƙarshen wutsiya na wasu samfuran da aka fitar, a kan ƙananan ƙarfin dubawa, akwai wani abu mai kama da ƙaho na rarrabuwa a tsakiyar ɓangaren giciye, wanda ake kira shrinkage.
Gabaɗaya, wutsiyar ƙyalli na samfuran extrusion na gaba ya fi tsayi fiye da na baya extrusion, kuma wutsiya mai laushi na gami ya fi tsayi fiye da na gami da ƙarfi. The shrinkage wutsiya na gaba extrusion kayayyakin ne mafi yawa bayyana a matsayin annular ba hade Layer, yayin da shrinkage wutsiya na baya extrusion kayayyakin ne mafi yawa bayyana a matsayin tsakiyar mazurari siffar.
Lokacin da aka fitar da ƙarfen zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen, fatar ingot da abubuwan haɗin waje sun taru a cikin matacciyar kusurwar silinda extrusion ko a kan gas ɗin da ke gudana a cikin samfurin don samar da wutsiya na shrinkage na biyu; lokacin da ragowar kayan ya yi tsayi da yawa kuma raguwa a tsakiyar samfurin bai isa ba, an kafa nau'in wutsiya mai raguwa. Daga ƙarshen wutsiya zuwa gaba, wutsiya na raguwa a hankali ya zama mai sauƙi kuma ya ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Babban dalilin raguwa
1) Abubuwan da suka rage sun yi tsayi da yawa ko tsayin wutsiya samfurin bai cika buƙatun ba. 2) Kushin extrusion ba shi da tsabta kuma yana da tabo mai. 3) A cikin mataki na gaba na extrusion, saurin extrusion yana da sauri sosai ko kuma ba zato ba tsammani. 4) Yi amfani da gurɓataccen kushin extrusion (kushin da ke da kumburi a tsakiya). 5) Zazzabi na ganga extrusion ya yi yawa. 6) Ganga na extrusion da shaft ba a tsakiya ba. 7) Fuskar abin da aka shigar ba shi da tsabta kuma yana da tabo mai. Ba a cire ciwace-ciwacen ɓarkewa da folds ba. 8) Hannun hannun riga na extrusion ganga baya santsi ko maras kyau, kuma rufin ciki ba a tsaftace shi cikin lokaci tare da kushin tsaftacewa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Bar sauran kayan da yanke wutsiya bisa ga ka'idoji 2) Ci gaba da kayan aikin kuma ya mutu mai tsabta 3) Inganta ingancin ingot 4) Daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki da sauri don tabbatar da fitar da santsi 5) Sai dai a cikin yanayi na musamman, yana da An haramta shi sosai a shafa mai a saman kayan aiki da kayan kwalliya 6) sanyaya gasket da kyau.
2. Zoben hatsi mara nauyi
A kan ƙananan ƙararrakin gwaji na wasu samfuran aluminium da aka extruded bayan maganin maganin, an samar da wani yanki mai tsauri da aka yi recrystallized tare da gefen samfurin, wanda ake kira zoben hatsi mara nauyi. Saboda nau'ikan samfuri daban-daban da hanyoyin sarrafawa, ana iya samar da zoben hatsi masu girma a cikin zobe, baka da sauran nau'ikan. Zurfin ƙananan zoben hatsi a hankali yana raguwa daga ƙarshen wutsiya zuwa ƙarshen gaba har sai ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Hanyar samuwar ita ce yankin ƙananan hatsi da aka kafa a saman samfurin bayan zafi mai zafi ya haifar da wani yanki mai mahimmanci na recrystallized bayan dumama da magani.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da zoben hatsi mara nauyi
1) m extrusion nakasawa 2) Maɗaukakin zafin jiki mai zafi da tsayin daka yana haifar da haɓakar hatsi 3) Abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai marasa ma'ana 4) Gabaɗaya, gami da ƙarfafa ƙarfin zafi da za a bi da su za su samar da zoben hatsi masu ƙarfi bayan maganin zafi, musamman 6a02, 2a50 da sauran su. gami. Matsalar ita ce mafi tsanani a cikin nau'o'in da sanduna, waɗanda ba za a iya kawar da su ba kuma za a iya sarrafa su kawai a cikin wani yanki na musamman 5) Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar cuta yana da ƙananan ko bai isa ba, ko kuma yana cikin kewayon nakasa mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da wuyar samar da hatsi mai laushi. zobba.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) bangon ciki na silinda extrusion yana da santsi don samar da cikakken hannun riga na aluminum don rage gogayya yayin extrusion. 2) Nakasar ta kasance cikakke kuma daidai kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma yanayin zafi, saurin gudu da sauran sigogin tsari ana sarrafa su daidai. 3) Guji zafin zafin magani mai tsayi ko tsayin lokacin riƙewa. 4) Extrusion tare da wani porous mutu. 5) Extrusion ta baya extrusion da a tsaye extrusion. 6) Samar da ta hanyar maganin maganin-zana-tsufa. 7) Daidaita cikakken abun da ke ciki na gwal da haɓaka abubuwan hanawa recrystallization. 8) Yi amfani da extrusion mafi girma. 9) Wasu alluran alluran da ba a kula da su daidai gwargwado, kuma zoben hatsi mara nauyi ne a lokacin extrusion.
3. Stratification
Wannan lahani ne na ɓarkewar fata da aka samu lokacin da ƙarfe ke gudana daidai gwargwado kuma saman ingot ɗin yana gudana cikin samfurin tare da mu'amala tsakanin mold da yankin na roba na gaba. A kan guntun gwajin ƙaramar ƙarami a kwance, yana bayyana azaman lahani mara-haɗe-haɗe a gefen ɓangaren giciye.
Babban dalilai na stratification
1) Akwai datti a saman ingot ko kuma akwai manyan guraben rarrabuwar kawuna a saman abin ba tare da fatar mota ba, ciwace-ciwacen karafa da sauransu, wadanda ke da saurin yaduwa. 2) Akwai buraguzai a saman babur ko mai, da datti da sauran datti da ke makale a kai, kuma ba a tsaftace shi kafin fitar da shi. Tsabtace 3) Matsayin ramin mutuwar ba shi da ma'ana, kusa da gefen ganga na extrusion 4) Kayan aiki na extrusion yana sawa sosai ko kuma akwai datti a cikin gandun daji na extrusion, wanda ba a tsaftace ba kuma ba a maye gurbinsa a lokaci 5) The Bambancin diamita na kushin extrusion ya yi girma sosai 6 ) Zazzabi na ganga na extrusion ya fi girma fiye da zafin jiki.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Haƙiƙa ƙirƙira ƙirar ƙira, duba da maye gurbin kayan aikin da ba su cancanta ba a kan lokaci 2) Kar a shigar da ingots marasa cancanta a cikin tanderun 3) Bayan yanke sauran kayan, tsaftace shi kuma kar a bar mai mai ya manne da shi 4) Ci gaba rufin ganga na extrusion cikakke, Ko amfani da gasket don tsaftace rufin cikin lokaci.
4. Rashin walda
Al'amarin na walƙiya stratification ko rashin cika fuska a weld na m kayayyakin extruded da tsaga mutu ana kiransa mara kyau waldi.
Babban dalilan rashin walda
1) Small extrusion coefficient, low extrusion zafin jiki, da kuma azumi extrusion gudun 2) Uncle extrusion raw kayan ko kayan aiki 3) Oiling na molds 4) Rashin kyau mold zane, rashin isa ko rashin daidaituwa hydrostatic matsa lamba, rashin ma'ana karkata ramin zane 5) Man tabo a saman surface. na ingot.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Dace ƙara extrusion coefficient, extrusion zafin jiki, da kuma extrusion gudun 2) Hankali ƙira da ƙera da mold 3) Kada a mai da extrusion Silinda da extrusion gasket da kiyaye su da tsabta 4) Yi amfani da ingots tare da tsabta saman.
5. Fashewar extrusion
Wannan ƙaramar fage ce mai siffar baka a gefen ɓangaren gwajin kwance na samfurin da aka fitar, da fashe-fashe na lokaci-lokaci a wani kusurwa mai tsayin daka. A cikin lokuta masu laushi, an ɓoye shi a ƙarƙashin fata, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, farfajiyar waje ta haifar da fashewar serrated, wanda zai lalata ci gaba da karfe. Ana samun fashe fashe lokacin da saman ƙarfe ya tsage saboda matsanancin damuwa na lokaci-lokaci daga bangon mutuwa yayin aikin extrusion.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar extrusion
1) gudun extrusion yana da sauri sosai 2) zafin jiki na extrusion yayi girma 3) saurin extrusion yana canzawa da yawa 4) zafin jiki na kayan da aka fitar ya yi yawa 5) Lokacin extruding tare da mutuƙar porous, an shirya mutuwar kusa da cibiyar. yana haifar da ƙarancin wadatar ƙarfe a cikin cibiyar, yana haifar da babban bambanci a cikin adadin kwarara tsakanin cibiyar da gefen 6) Ingot homogenization annealing ba shi da kyau.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Tsananta aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun dumama da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa 2) A kai a kai duba kayan aiki da kayan aiki don tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun 3) Gyara ƙirar ƙira da tsari a hankali, musamman ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, ɗakin walƙiya da radius gefen yakamata ya zama m 4) Rage abun ciki na sodium a high magnesium aluminum gami 5) Yi homogenization annealing a kan ingot inganta ta plasticity da uniformity.
6. Kumfa
Lalacewar da ƙarfen saman gida ke ci gaba da rabu da shi daga ƙarfen tushe kuma ya bayyana azaman zagaye ɗaya ko siffa mai siffar tsiri ana kiransa kumfa.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da kumfa
1) A lokacin extrusion, silinda extrusion da extrusion kushin ya ƙunshi danshi, mai da sauran datti. 2) Saboda lalacewa na silinda extrusion, iska tsakanin sashin da aka sawa da ingot yana shiga cikin karfe a lokacin extrusion. 3) Akwai gurbacewa a cikin mai. Danshi 4) Tsarin ingot da kansa yana kwance kuma yana da lahani. 5) Yanayin zafin zafin zafin jiki ya yi yawa, lokacin riƙewa ya yi tsayi sosai, kuma yanayin zafi a cikin tanderun yana da girma. 6) Abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas a cikin samfurin ya yi yawa. 7) Zazzabi na extrusion ganga da zafin jiki na ingot sun yi yawa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Ci gaba da saman kayan aikin da ingots mai tsabta, santsi da bushe 2) Daidaita ƙira da ma'auni na silinda extrusion da gasket extrusion. Bincika girman kayan aiki akai-akai. Gyara silinda extrusion a lokacin da ya zama kumbura, kuma extrusion kushin ba zai iya zama daga haƙuri. 3) Tabbatar cewa mai mai ya bushe kuma ya bushe. 4) Tsaya bin tsarin aikin extrusion, shayar da iska a cikin lokaci, yanke daidai, kar a shafa mai, cire kayan saura sosai, da kiyaye tsabtataccen kayan aiki da kayan aiki mai tsabta kuma ba tare da gurɓata ba.
7. Barewa
a cikin abin da rabuwa na gida ke faruwa tsakanin karfen saman da tushe karfe na aluminum gami da kayayyakin extruded.
Babban dalilin kwasfa
1) Lokacin canza gami don extrusion, bangon ciki na ganga extrusion yana manne da daji wanda asalin ƙarfe ya yi kuma ba a tsaftace shi da kyau. 2) Ganga na extrusion da kushin extrusion ba su dace da kyau ba, kuma akwai ragowar ƙarfe na gida a bangon ciki na ganga na extrusion. 3) Ana amfani da ganga mai ma'ana don extrusion. 4) Ƙarfe yana manne da ramin mutuwa ko bel ɗin aiki ya yi tsayi da yawa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Lokacin fitar da sabon gami, dole ne a tsaftace ganga mai fitar da shi sosai. 2) Hankali tsara ma'auni girma na extrusion ganga da extrusion gasket, akai-akai duba kayan aiki girma, kuma extrusion gasket dole ba wuce haƙuri. 3) Tsaftace ragowar karfe a kan mold a cikin lokaci.
8. Tsage
Ƙunƙarar inji a cikin nau'i na ratsi guda ɗaya wanda ke haifar da lamba tsakanin abubuwa masu kaifi da saman samfurin da zamewar dangi ana kiransa scratches.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da karce
1) Ba a haɗa kayan aiki daidai ba, hanyar jagora da aikin aiki ba su da santsi, akwai kusurwoyi masu kaifi ko abubuwa na waje, da dai sauransu. yashi ko fashewar ƙarfe na ƙarfe a cikin mai mai lubricating 4) Rashin aiki mara kyau yayin sufuri da sarrafawa, kuma kayan ɗagawa bai dace ba.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Bincika da goge bel ɗin aiki a cikin lokaci 2) Bincika tashar fitar da samfur, wanda yakamata ya zama santsi da sa mai jagora yadda ya kamata 3) Hana gogayya ta injina da karce yayin sufuri.
9. Kumburi da kumbura
Karar da aka samu a saman samfuran lokacin da suka yi karo da juna ko tare da wasu abubuwa ana kiran su bumps.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da bumps da bruises
1) Tsarin aikin benci, kayan tarawa, da dai sauransu ba su da ma'ana. 2) Kwandunan kayan, kayan kwalliya, da dai sauransu ba su samar da kariya mai kyau ga karfe. 3) Rashin kula da kulawa da kulawa yayin aiki.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Yi aiki a hankali kuma a kula da hankali. 2) A nika sasanninta masu kaifi kuma a rufe kwanduna da tagulla tare da pads da kayan laushi.
10. Abrasions
Tabon da aka rarraba a daure a saman samfurin da aka fitar wanda ya haifar da zamewar dangi ko karkacewa tsakanin saman samfurin da aka fitar da gefen ko saman wani abu ana kiransa abrasions.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da abrasions
1) Tsananin lalacewa 2) Saboda yawan zafin jiki na ingot, aluminum yana manne a ramin mutu ko kuma rami mai aiki ya lalace. haifar da tarkace saman da rashin daidaituwar fitarwa, wanda ke haifar da samfurin baya gudana a cikin madaidaiciyar layi, yana haifar da ɓarna akan kayan, hanyar jagora, da benci na aiki.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Bincika da maye gurbin gyare-gyaren da ba su cancanta ba a cikin lokaci 2) Sarrafa zafin zafin jiki na kayan aiki 3) Tabbatar da cewa silinda extrusion da albarkatun ƙasa suna da tsabta da bushe 4) Sarrafa saurin extrusion kuma tabbatar da saurin daidaituwa.
11. Mold Mark
Wannan ita ce alamar rashin daidaituwa na tsayin daka a saman samfurin extruded. Duk samfuran da aka fitar suna da alamun mold zuwa digiri daban-daban.
Babban dalilin mold alamomi
Babban dalili: bel ɗin aiki na ƙira ba zai iya cimma cikakkiyar santsi ba
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Tabbatar cewa saman bel ɗin aiki yana da haske, santsi kuma ba tare da gefuna masu kaifi ba. 2) Maganin nitriding mai ma'ana don tabbatar da taurin saman. 3) Daidaitaccen gyaran gyare-gyare. 4) Kyakkyawan ƙira na bel ɗin aiki. Belin mai aiki bai kamata ya yi tsayi da yawa ba.
12. Juyawa, lankwasa, taguwar ruwa
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na ɓangaren giciye na samfurin da aka fitar da ake karkatar da su a kan madaidaiciyar hanya ana kiransa murɗawa. Lamarin da samfurin ke lanƙwasa ko siffar wuƙa kuma ba madaidaiciya a kan madaidaiciyar hanya ba ana kiransa lanƙwasawa. Lamarin da samfurin ke ci gaba da raguwa a cikin hanya mai tsayi ana kiransa waving.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da karkatarwa, lankwasawa da raƙuman ruwa
1) Ba a tsara ƙirar rami mai mutuƙar kyau ba, ko rarraba girman girman bel ɗin aiki bai dace ba 2) daidaitaccen sarrafa rami mara kyau ba shi da kyau 3) Ba a shigar da jagorar da ta dace ba 4) Gyaran mutuwa mara kyau 5) Rashin zafin jiki mara kyau da sauri 6) Samfurin ba a riga an daidaita shi ba kafin maganin maganin 7) Sanyaya mara daidaituwa yayin maganin zafi na kan layi.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Haɓaka matakin ƙirar ƙira da masana'anta 2) Shigar da jagororin da suka dace don extrusion extrusion 3) Yi amfani da lubrication na gida, gyaran gyare-gyare da juyawa ko canza ƙirar ramukan karkatarwa don daidaita ƙimar kwararar ƙarfe 4) Daidaita daidaitaccen zafin jiki da sauri. don sanya nakasar ta zama iri ɗaya.
13. Hard Lankwasa
Lankwasa kwatsam a cikin samfurin da aka fitar a wani wuri tare da tsayinsa ana kiransa lanƙwasawa mai wuya.
Babban dalilin lankwasawa mai wuya
1) Gudun extrusion mara daidaituwa, canji kwatsam daga ƙananan gudu zuwa babban gudu, ko canzawa kwatsam daga babban gudu zuwa ƙananan gudu, ko tsayawa kwatsam, da dai sauransu.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Kar a dakatar da injin ko canza saurin extrusion ba zato ba tsammani. 2) Kada ka motsa bayanin martaba ba zato ba tsammani da hannu. 3) Tabbatar cewa tebur ɗin fitarwa ya kasance lebur kuma abin nadi yana da santsi kuma babu wani abu na waje, ta yadda samfurin da aka gama zai iya gudana cikin sauƙi.
14. Alaji
Wannan lahani ne na saman samfurin da aka fitar, wanda ke nufin ƙarami, mara daidaituwa, ci gaba da flakes, tarkace-kamar aya, rami, wake na ƙarfe, da sauransu akan saman samfurin.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da alamar alade
1) Samfurin ba ya da ƙarfi ko kuma bai yi daidai ba a cikin tauri da laushi. 2. The extrusion zafin jiki ne da yawa. 3) Gudun extrusion yana da sauri sosai. 4) bel ɗin da ke aiki yana da tsayi da yawa, m ko m tare da ƙarfe. 5) Kayan da aka fitar ya yi tsayi da yawa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da rashin daidaituwa na yankin aiki na mutu 2) Zazzage ganga mai ƙyalli da ingot bisa ga ƙa'idodi kuma amfani da saurin extrusion da ya dace. dubawa, gyarawa da goge goge 4) Yi amfani da tsayin ingot mai ma'ana.
15. Karfe matsi
A lokacin aikin samar da extrusion, ana danna guntun ƙarfe a saman samfurin, wanda ake kira kutse na ƙarfe.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da danna karfe
1) Akwai wani abu ba daidai ba tare da ƙarshen m abu; 2) Akwai karfe a saman ciki na kayan datti ko man mai yana dauke da tarkacen karfe da sauran datti; 3) Ba a tsaftace silinda na extrusion ba kuma akwai wasu tarkacen karfe: 4) Ana saka wasu abubuwa na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ingot; 5) Akwai slag a cikin m abu.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Cire bursu a kan albarkatun kasa 2) Tabbatar da cewa albarkatun ƙasa da man mai sun kasance masu tsabta kuma sun bushe 3) Tsabtace tarkacen ƙarfe a cikin mold da extrusion ganga 4) Zaɓan kayan albarkatun ƙasa masu inganci.
16. Non-metallic press-in
Ana latsa abubuwa na waje kamar dutsen baki a cikin ciki da waje na samfuran da aka fitar ana kiransa matsi mara ƙarfe. Bayan da aka goge al'amuran waje, yanayin ciki na samfurin zai nuna damuwa na nau'i daban-daban, wanda zai lalata ci gaba da samfurin.
Babban dalilan da ba karfe latsa-in
1) A graphite barbashi ne m ko agglomerated, dauke da ruwa ko man ba a hade daidai. 2) Wurin walƙiya na man silinda yana da ƙasa. 3) Rabo na Silinda mai zuwa graphite bai dace ba, kuma akwai graphite da yawa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) A yi amfani da graphite mai inganci sannan a bushe shi 2) Tace da amfani da ingantaccen man mai 3) Sarrafa rabon mai da graphite.
17. Lalacewar Sama
Lalacewar samfuran da aka fitar ba tare da jiyya ba, waɗanda ke haifar da sinadarai ko halayen electrochemical tsakanin saman da matsakaicin waje, ana kiran su lalatawar ƙasa. Samfurin da aka lalatar yana rasa hasken ƙarfensa, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, ana samar da samfuran lalata-fari mai launin toka a saman.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da lalata ƙasa
1) Samfurin yana nunawa ga kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata kamar ruwa, acid, alkali, gishiri, da dai sauransu yayin samarwa, ajiya da sufuri, ko kuma an ajiye shi a cikin yanayi mai laushi na dogon lokaci. 2) Rarraba abun da ke ciki mara kyau
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Ci gaba da samfurin samfurin da kuma samarwa da yanayin ajiya mai tsabta da bushe 2) Sarrafa abun ciki na abubuwa a cikin gami
18. Bawon lemu
Fuskar samfurin da aka fitar yana da wrinkles mara daidaituwa kamar bawo orange, wanda kuma aka sani da wrinkles. Yana haifar da ƙananan hatsi yayin extrusion. Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar hatsi, mafi mahimmancin wrinkles.
Babban dalilin kwasfa orange
1) Tsarin ingot bai dace ba kuma maganin homogenization bai isa ba. 2) Yanayin extrusion ba su da ma'ana, yana haifar da babban hatsi na samfurin da aka gama. 3) Yawan mikewa da mikewa yayi yawa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Mai dacewa sarrafa tsarin homogenization 2) Yi nakasar kamar yadda zai yiwu ( sarrafa zafin jiki na extrusion, gudun, da dai sauransu) 3) Sarrafa yawan tashin hankali da gyare-gyaren kada ya zama babba.
19. Rashin daidaito
Bayan extrusion, wurin da kaurin samfurin ke canzawa a cikin jirgin yana bayyana maɗaukaki ko convex, wanda gabaɗaya ba a iya gani da ido tsirara. Bayan jiyya na saman, inuwa masu duhu ko inuwa na kashi suna bayyana.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa
1) An tsara bel ɗin aikin ƙirar da ba daidai ba kuma gyaran gyare-gyaren ba a cikin wuri ba. 2) Girman ramin shunt ko ɗakin gaba bai dace ba. Ƙarfin ja ko faɗaɗa bayanan martaba a cikin yanki na haɗin gwiwa yana haifar da ƴan canje-canje a cikin jirgin. 3) Tsarin sanyaya ba daidai ba ne, kuma ɓangaren kauri mai kauri ko ɓangaren haɗin gwiwa Yawan sanyaya yana jinkirin, yana haifar da raguwa daban-daban na raguwa da nakasar jirgin yayin aikin sanyaya. 4) Saboda babban bambanci a cikin kauri, bambanci tsakanin tsarin ɓangaren bango mai kauri ko yankin canzawa da na sauran sassa yana ƙaruwa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Inganta matakin ƙirar ƙira, masana'anta da gyaran gyare-gyare 2) Tabbatar da ƙimar sanyaya iri ɗaya.
20. Alamar girgiza
Alamomin girgizawa lahani ne na lokaci-lokaci a kwance a saman samfuran da aka fitar. Ana siffanta shi da ratsi na lokaci-lokaci a kwance a saman samfurin. Lanƙwan tsiri yayi daidai da sifar bel ɗin aiki. A cikin lokuta masu tsanani, yana da fili mai ma'ana da jin dadi.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da alamun girgiza
shaft yana girgiza gaba saboda matsalolin kayan aiki, yana haifar da girgiza karfe lokacin da ya fita daga cikin rami. 2) Karfe yana girgiza lokacin da ya fita daga cikin rami saboda matsalolin mold. 3) Kushin goyon bayan mold bai dace ba, rashin ƙarfi na mold ba shi da kyau, kuma girgiza yana faruwa lokacin da matsa lamba na extrusion ya canza.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Yi amfani da ƙwararrun gyare-gyare 2) Yi amfani da fakitin tallafi masu dacewa lokacin shigar da mold 3) Daidaita kayan aiki.
21. Haɗa Manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗawa
Babban dalilanhadawa
Saboda babu abin da aka haɗa ya ƙunshi ƙarfe ko abubuwan da ba ƙarfe ba, ba a gano su a cikin tsarin da ya gabata ba kuma suna kasancewa a saman ko cikin samfurin bayan an fitar da su.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
Ƙarfafa binciken billet (ciki har da duban ultrasonic) don hana billet ɗin da ke ɗauke da ƙarfe ko abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba daga shiga tsarin extrusion.
22. Alamar ruwa
Fari mai haske ko haske baƙar fata mara daidaituwa na layin ruwa akan saman samfuran ana kiran alamar ruwa.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da alamun ruwa
1) Rashin bushewa bayan tsaftacewa, yana haifar da raguwar damshi a saman samfurin 2) Rage danshi a saman samfurin wanda ruwan sama ya haifar da wasu dalilai, wanda ba a tsaftace shi cikin lokaci 3) Man fetur na tanderun tsufa ya ƙunshi ruwa. , da kuma danshi a saman samfurin a lokacin sanyi na samfurin bayan tsufa 4) Man fetur na tanderun tsufa ba shi da tsabta, kuma saman samfurin yana lalata ta hanyar ƙonewa. sulfur dioxide ko gurbace ta kura. 5) Matsakaicin quenching ya gurɓace.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Rike saman samfurin a bushe da tsabta 2) Sarrafa abun ciki mai damshi da tsaftar man tanderun tsufa 3) Ƙarfafa kula da kafofin watsa labarai na kashewa.
23. Tazarar
Mai mulki yana jujjuyawa akan wani jirgin sama na samfurin extruded, kuma akwai wani tazara tsakanin mai mulki da saman, wanda ake kira rata.
Babban dalilin tazarar
Ƙarfe mara daidaituwa a lokacin extrusion ko kammalawa mara kyau da ayyukan daidaitawa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
Zane da ƙera gyare-gyare bisa ga hankali, ƙarfafa gyaran gyare-gyare, da kuma sarrafa tsananin zafin jiki da saurin extrusion bisa ga ƙa'idodi.
24. Kaurin bango mara daidaituwa
Al'amarin da cewa kaurin bangon samfurin girman girmansa bai yi daidai ba a cikin sashin giciye ɗaya ko madaidaiciyar shugabanci ana kiransa kauri mara daidaituwa.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da kauri bango mara daidaituwa
1) Tsarin ƙira ba shi da ma'ana, ko taron kayan aiki bai dace ba. 2) Ganga mai banƙyama da allurar extrusion ba a kan layin tsakiya ɗaya ba, yana haifar da eccentricity. 3) Rufin ciki na ganga na extrusion yana sawa da yawa, kuma ba za a iya daidaitawa da mold ba, yana haifar da eccentricity. 4) Kaurin bango na ingot blank kanta ba daidai ba ne, kuma ba za a iya kawar da shi ba bayan extrusion na farko da na biyu. Katangar bangon kayan da ba daidai ba ne bayan extrusion, kuma ba a cire shi ba bayan mirgina da mikewa. 5) Ana shafa man mai da ba daidai ba, yana haifar da rashin daidaituwar karfe.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Haɓaka kayan aiki da ƙirar ƙira da masana'anta, da haɗawa da daidaituwa da daidaitawa 2) Daidaita tsakiyar kayan aikin extruder da extrusion kuma mutu 3)
Zaɓi ƙwararren billet 4) Mai sarrafa ma'auni daidai gwargwado kamar zafin extrusion da saurin extrusion.
25. Fadada (daidaitacce)
Lalacewar ɓangarori biyu na samfuran bayanan da aka fitar da su kamar nau'in tsagi da samfuran I-dimbin yawa waɗanda ke gangarowa waje ana kiran su flaring, kuma ana kiran lahanin ɓarna a ciki a layi daya.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓaka (daidaitacce)
1) Matsakaicin adadin kwararar ƙarfe na ƙafafu biyu (ko “ƙafa ɗaya”) na babban kwano ko bayanin martaba-kamar bayanin martaba ko bayanin martaba na I-dimbin yawa. ) Injin miƙewa mara kyau da daidaitawa 4) Rashin daidaituwa na maganin maganin kan layi bayan samfurin ya bar ramin mutu.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Tsananin sarrafa saurin extrusion da zafin jiki na extrusion 2) Tabbatar da daidaiton sanyaya 3) Daidaita ƙira da kera ƙirar 4) Kula da zafin jiki da sauri sosai, kuma shigar da ƙirar daidai.
26. Madaidaici
Ratsin karkace da aka samar lokacin da samfurin da aka fitar ya miƙe ta hanyar abin nadi na sama ana kiransa alamar daidaitawa. Duk samfuran da aka daidaita da abin nadi na sama ba za su iya guje wa alamun daidaitawa ba.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da alamar daidaitawa
1) Akwai gefuna a kan madaidaicin abin nadi 2) Ƙimar samfurin ya yi girma sosai 3) Matsi ya yi girma 4) Ƙaƙwalwar madaidaicin abin nadi yana da girma 5) Samfurin yana da babban ovality.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
Ɗauki matakan da suka dace don daidaitawa bisa ga dalilai.
27. Alamun tsayawa, alamomi na ɗan lokaci, alamun cizo
Na samfurin daidai gwargwado zuwa hanyar extrusion da aka samar a lokacin aikin extrusion ana kiransa alamun cizo ko alamun nan take (wanda akafi sani da “alamomin fakin ajiye motoci na karya”).
A lokacin extrusion, abubuwan da aka makala a saman bel ɗin aiki za su faɗi nan take kuma su manne da saman samfurin da aka fitar don samar da alamu. Layukan kwance akan bel ɗin aiki waɗanda ke bayyana lokacin tsayawar extrusion ana kiran su alamun filin ajiye motoci; Layukan kwance da ke fitowa a lokacin aikin fitar ana kiransu alamomin gaggawa ko alamar cizo, wanda zai yi sauti a lokacin extrusion.
Babban dalilin alamun tsayawa, alamun lokaci, da alamun cizo
1) The dumama zafin jiki na ingot ne m ko extrusion gudun da matsa lamba canza ba zato ba tsammani. 2) Babban ɓangaren gyare-gyaren ba shi da ƙima ko ƙira ko haɗa su ba daidai ba ko tare da gibba. 3) Akwai wani ƙarfi na waje wanda yake daidai da hanyar extrusion. 4) Mai extruder yana gudu ba tare da tsayawa ba kuma akwai rarrafe.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Babban zafin jiki, jinkirin saurin gudu, extrusion iri ɗaya, da kiyaye matsa lamba na extrusion barga 2) Hana sojojin waje kai tsaye ga jagorar extrusion daga yin aiki akan samfurin da taurin mold.
28. Ciki abrasion
Abrasion a saman ciki na samfurin extruded a lokacin aikin extrusion ana kiransa abrasion na ciki.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da ɓarna na ciki
1) Akwai karfe da aka makale akan allurar extrusion 2) zazzabi na allurar extrusion ba ta da kyau 3) Ingancin saman allurar extrusion ba shi da kyau kuma akwai bumps da scratches 4) zafin zafin jiki da saurin ba a sarrafa su sosai 5) Matsakaicin mai mai extrusion bai dace ba.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na extrusion ganga da extrusion allura, da kuma sarrafa extrusion zafin jiki da extrusion gudun. 2) Karfafa tace man mai, a rika dubawa ko kuma musanya mai a kai a kai, sannan a rika shafa mai daidai gwargwado kuma daidai gwargwado. 3) Tsaftace saman dayan kayan. 4) Sauya gyare-gyare marasa cancanta da alluran extrusion a cikin lokaci, kuma kiyaye saman tsattsauran ƙwayar cuta mai tsabta da santsi.
29. Unqualified inji Properties
Idan kayan aikin injiniya na samfuran extruded, irin su hb da hv, ba su cika buƙatun ƙa'idodin fasaha ba ko kuma ba daidai ba ne, ana kiran shi kaddarorin injin da ba su cancanta ba.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da kaddarorin injiniyoyi marasa cancanta
1) Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai na gami sun wuce misali ko rabon bai dace ba. quenching zafin jiki ko sanyaya gudun bai isa ba: 5) Rashin ingantaccen tsarin tsufa na wucin gadi.
Hanyoyin rigakafi
1) Tsananin sarrafa abubuwan sinadaran bisa ga ma'auni ko tsara ingantattun ka'idoji na ciki 2) Yi amfani da ingots masu inganci ko blanks 3) Inganta tsarin extrusion 4) Aiwatar da tsarin tsarin kashewa zafin jiki 6) Tsananin Ma'aunin zafin jiki da sarrafa zafin jiki.
30. Wasu dalilai
A takaice, bayan m management, sama 30 lahani na aluminum gami extruded kayayyakin da aka yadda ya kamata kawar, cimma high quality, high yawan amfanin ƙasa, tsawon rai, da kyau samfurin surface, kawo vitality da wadata ga sha'anin, da kuma cimma gagarumin fasaha da tattalin arziki. amfani.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-12-2024
