Aluminum shine mafi yawan ƙarfe a cikin ɓawon burodin ƙasa. Shi ne ƙarfe mara ƙarfe wanda yake da mafi girma na biyu mafi girma da kuma amfani a duniya bayan karfe. Yana da ƙananan yawa, kusan 1/3 na karfe. Tun da tsabtataccen aluminum yana da taushi kuma yana da ƙananan ƙarfi, sabili da haka, ta hanyar ƙara ƙananan abubuwa kamar magnesium, jan karfe, zinc, silicon, da lithium zuwa aluminum, aikin aluminum gami ya fi kyau. Aluminum gami su ne mafi yadu amfani da nonferrous karfe tsarin kayan a masana'antu saboda da m inji Properties da lalata juriya. An yi amfani da su sosai a cikin gine-gine, sararin samaniya, mota, masana'antun inji, ginin jirgi da masana'antun sinadarai.
Aluminum alloys suna da kyawawan kaddarorin a cikin injiniyoyi da sunadarai:
① Mechanical al'amurran, yafi nuna a cikin low yawa, high ƙarfi, high modules, da dai sauransu Aluminum yana da low yawa kuma shi ne m fiye da sauran karafa, kawai 1/4 na karfe, don haka shi ne dace don amfani a filayen da high bukatun ga nauyi ;
② Dangane da kaddarorin sinadarai, tun da aluminum gami na iya samar da fim ɗin oxide mai yawa akan saman sa a cikin iska, yana iya kare kansa daga iskar oxygen mai zurfi. Saboda haka, yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata da ingantaccen tsarin sinadarai.
③Aluminum gami yana da kyawawan filastik kuma ana iya sarrafa shi zuwa bayanan martaba daban-daban. Yana da kyakyawan wutar lantarki da yanayin zafi. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu, kuma amfani da shi ya kasance na biyu bayan karfe.
A halin yanzu, akwai fiye da 250 aluminum gami da daban-daban abun da ke ciki a cikin masana'antu. Don sauƙaƙe bambance-bambancen, bisa ga nau'ikan gami daban-daban, Sin ta ɗauki hanyar rarraba maki huɗu da aka yarda da ita a duniya don sauƙaƙe alamar wuraren samarwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sarrafa lissafi. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin masana'antun soja sun hada da aluminum-lithium alloys, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) jerin da 7XXX jerin aluminum gami.
Bukatar kasuwa da haɓaka haɓakar kayan gami na aluminum daban-daban
2XXX jerin aluminum gami
2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) jerin aluminum gami da high tensile ƙarfi, tauri da kuma gajiya ƙarfi, mai kyau zafi juriya, aiki da waldi Properties, kuma ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin jirgin sama, mota da kuma makamai masana'antu. Babban maki sune 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, da dai sauransu. An haɓaka jerin gwanon don haɓaka ƙarfi, daidaitawa da ƙarfi, da jurewar lalacewa, kamar 2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 alloys, da sauransu.
Samfuran kayan aiki na kasar Sin suna haɓaka cikin yanayin nauyi, tsawon rai, babban aminci da ƙarancin farashi, kuma suna da manyan buƙatu don ƙarancin karyewa, juriyawar fasa da juriya na lalata kayan fata na fuselage. Bisa ga 2024-T351 aluminum gami lokacin farin ciki farantin, kasashen waje sun ɓullo da 2324, 2624 da sauran high lalacewar haƙuri aluminum gami ga ƙananan reshe surface da daban-daban ƙarfi, tauri, gajiya da lalata juriya, kuma sun samu shigarwa da aikace-aikace. Kasar Sin tana haɓaka babban juriyar jurewar 2XXX jerin aluminum gami. A nan gaba, microalloying composite zai zama muhimmin jagorar ci gaba don jerin Al-Cu-Mg mai ƙarfi na aluminum gami.
4XXX jerin aluminum gami
A halin yanzu, eutectic da hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys ana amfani da su don pistons na motoci a kasar Sin. Koyaya, tare da ci gaba da haɓaka buƙatun aikin injin, yana da wahala a cika buƙatun aiki. Hypereutectic Al-Si gami yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima, ƙaramar haɓakar faɗaɗa madaidaiciya, juriya mafi girma da kwanciyar hankali, kuma shine mafi kyawun kayan piston idan aka kwatanta da eutectic Al-Si gami. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy pistons an samar da jama'a a ƙasashen waje kuma an yi amfani da su ga manyan motoci da motoci, irin su A390 alloy a Amurka, AC9A da AC8A (ZL109) gami a Japan, da A390 gami a Ostiraliya. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu akwai ƙananan masana'antun a kasar Sin waɗanda ke samar da pistons na Al-Si gami da hypereutectic, kuma yawancinsu suna dogara ne akan shigo da kaya. Bugu da kari, akwai babban rata tsakanin mota turbocharger aluminum gami kayan da kasashen waje. Babban aikin injin turbocharger aluminum gami kayan sun dogara ne akan Japan da sauran ƙasashe. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka maɓalli na kayan kwalliyar aluminium na kera motoci don manyan pistons da turbocharger impellers.
5XXX Series Aluminum Alloys
Al-Mg Alloys, musamman Al-Mg gami da babban abun ciki na Mg, suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi, kyakkyawan walƙiya da juriya na lalata, kuma za su zama kayan gasa sosai a cikin sararin samaniya na gaba, jiragen ƙasa masu sauri, tekuna da sauran filayen. A halin yanzu, Al-Mg alloy plates, profiles da wayoyi na walda don sararin samaniya, jiragen kasa, tekuna da sauran aikace-aikace sun dogara ne akan shigo da kaya. Kasuwar wayar walda mai tsayin gaske ta kasance ta ALCOA a Amurka. ER5183 da ER5356 gami sun dogara ne akan shigo da kaya, kuma adadin shigo da kaya ya kai kusan kashi 70% na tallace-tallacen su. Al-Mg gami na jiragen ruwa sun dogara ne akan Rasha. Ingots na al'ada na gami tare da babban abun ciki na Mg suna da ingantattun dendrites, matsanancin rarrabuwar kawuna, da rashin ingantaccen aiki. Hanyoyin sarrafawa na yanzu suna da matsaloli da yawa, irin su ƙarancin aiki, ƙarancin inganci, tsari mai tsawo, rashin kwanciyar hankali, da ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sub-sauri solidification da kafa na iya hana hazo na Mg, kuma a lokaci guda za a iya kayyade don samun lafiya equiaxed lu'ulu'u da Nano-precipitated bulan, ƙwarai inganta yi da kuma uniformity na kayan. Saboda haka, ci gaban sub-sauri solidification ci gaba da rheological extrusion da mirgina fasahar ga high-yi Al-Mg gami ana sa ran saduwa da bukatar high quality-Al-Mg gami.
6XXX Series Aluminum Alloys
6XXX jerin aluminum gami kayan su ne key kayan a cikin filayen jirgin kasa wucewa, motoci, Electronics, da dai sauransu Tun daga 1980s, ci gaba kasashe da yankuna kamar Turai, Amurka, da Japan sun ɓullo da aluminum gami ga motoci, rajista maki kamar 6009, 6016, 6010, 6111, 6010, 6111, da kuma 6022 tsarin samar da 6022, da kuma tsarin samar da 6022. Na'urorin jikin mota, extrusions, jabu, da dai sauransu. An fara gudanar da bincike da ci gaban masana'antu na masana'antu da ci gaba na 6XXX jerin allunan gami da na'urorin aluminium a cikin kasar Sin, kuma akwai gibi a fili. Ma'aikatar masana'antu da fasaha na kasar Sin ya ba da shawarar cewa zanen gado na mota na aluminum gami da za a haɓaka su ne: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, da dai sauransu The hankula 6XXX jerin ba kasa da aluminum gami takardar yana da elongation ba kasa da 525% darajar A525. 0.60, 60 d filin ajiye motoci yawan amfanin ƙasa Rp0.2 na ba kasa da 140 N/mm2 da fenti hardening yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfin increment ba kasa da 80 N/mm2. Dangane da buƙatun daban-daban, haɓakar ƙira, shirye-shirye da fasahar sarrafa kayan aikin 6XXX jerin allunan aluminium ya zama yanayin ci gaba da ba makawa.
7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys
7XXX jerin aluminium alloys suna da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata danniya kuma sune jerin mafi ƙarfi tsakanin allo na aluminium. An san su a duniya a matsayin kayan kashin baya na jirgin sama. Kwanan nan, kasashen waje sun ɓullo da 7055 gami (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), wanda yawan amfanin ƙasa ya wuce 620 MPa a cikin T77511 jihar. Ana amfani da shi a cikin jirgin Boeing 777 kuma yana rage nauyi da 635 kg. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ba ta da tsarin tsarin gami da shirye-shirye da fasaha na sarrafa kayan aluminium na 7XXX don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, kuma wasu samfuran sun dogara gaba daya kan shigo da kaya. Saboda babban sikelin ingots na 7XXX jerin aluminum gami da yawa gami abubuwa, m solidification kewayon, babban simintin danniya, da kuma sauki hadawan abu da iskar shaka / segregation na gami abubuwa, da metallurgical ingancin da ingots ne matalauta da dakin zafin jiki forming yi ne low, yana da babban muhimmanci ga ci gaba da sabon 7XXX jerin aluminum gami.
Aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) gami
Aluminum-lithium gami shine kayan nauyi mafi girma cikin sauri a cikin kayan jirgin sama a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yana da halaye na ƙarancin ƙima, maɗaukakin maɗauri mai ƙarfi, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi, kyakkyawan aikin gajiya, da juriya na lalata. Bayan maye gurbin al'ada aluminum gami, da taro za a iya rage ta 10% ~ 20% da stiffness za a iya ƙara da 15% ~ 20%. A farkon karni na 21st, kamfanin ALCOA na Amurka ya kaddamar da "ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", tare da manufar rage farashi da nauyin nauyin aluminum aluminum gami da 20% kowanne a cikin shekaru 20. Constellium ya haɓaka 2050 da 2198 aluminium-lithium alloys (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) tare da ƙarancin ƙima, babban ƙarfi da haɓakar lalacewa. Akwai ƙananan maki Al-Li gami da aka haɓaka da kansu a cikin Sin, kuma an yi amfani da gami mai nauyin 1420 kawai. Alcoa ne ya samar da alloy-lithium gami da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jirgin fasinja na C919. A cikin gida, kawai iyakantaccen makin gami kamar 1420, 2195, 2197, da 2A97 za a iya samar da su, kuma ingots ne kawai lebur ingots a ƙasa ((310 ~ 400) × 1280 × 4000) mm da zagaye ingots ƙasa φ650 mm. Flat ingots (2B16) mai kauri fiye da 60 mm da fadin fiye da 1500 mm, da ingots (2B16) mai diamita fiye da 1500 mm a fagen manyan aikace-aikacen sufurin jiragen sama har yanzu ba a samar da su ta hanyar masana'antu ba. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka sabon ƙirar aluminum-lithium alloy, shirye-shiryen ingot mai girma da fasaha mai zurfi.
Aluminum alloy mai jurewa zafi
Aluminum da ke jure zafi sune mahimman kayan mahimmanci a fagen sararin samaniya, motoci, sufurin jirgin ƙasa, da dai sauransu ta hanyar daidaita abubuwa kamar Si, Fe, Ni, Ag, da ƙasa da ba kasafai ba don yin alluran aluminium mai jure iskar oxygen da rarrafe a babban yanayin zafi. Al'adun gargajiya na al'ada na al'ada sun haɗa da: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, da dai sauransu. Tare da saurin ci gaba na masana'antun sararin samaniya da na motoci, ana sanya buƙatu mafi girma a kan kayan aikin aluminum mai zafi. Sabbin ƙarni na jiragen yaƙin suna da saurin tafiya da sauri, kuma yanayin aiki na fatar fuselage ya wuce 150 ° C. A halin yanzu, zafin da ake amfani da shi na dogon lokaci na gami da aluminium mai jure zafi kamar 2618 da 2D70 yana ƙasa da 150 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka sabbin allunan aluminium masu jure zafi.
Al-Sc alloy tare da ultra-low scandium (Sc) abun ciki
Al-Sc alloy yana da kyawawan kaddarorin irin su babban ƙarfi, kyakkyawan filastik da juriya na lalata, kuma ya zama sabon ƙarni na kayan nauyi don sararin samaniya, jiragen ruwa, da sauransu bayan Al-Li gami. Ƙarfin juzu'i na Al-Mg gami da ke ƙunshe da adadi na scandium shine 30% sama da na alloy 5083, kuma ƙarfin amfanin gona ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu. Its weldability ne kwatankwacin cewa na al'ada 5XXX jerin gami, da inji Properties na zafi-tasiri zone da weld ne kamar daidai da na matrix, da kuma lalata juriya ne kwatankwacin na 5083 gami. Maye gurbin 5XXX ko 6XXX jerin gami a cikin kera abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya na iya samun gagarumin tasirin rage nauyi, kuma shine madaidaicin abu don motoci da motocin dogo. Kasar Rasha tana kan gaba a duniya wajen samar da alluran sinadari mai dauke da sinadarin aluminium, kuma ta samar da Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn-MgSc, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, da Al-Cu-Mg-Sc gami da sinadarin scandium na 0.18%~0.5%. Domin inganta aikace-aikace na aluminum-scandium alloys a cikin sararin samaniya da motoci, ma'aikatar masana'antu da fasaha ta kasar Sin ta jera scandium-dauke da aluminum gami a matsayin daya daga cikin sababbin kayan don ci gaban fifiko. Kasar Sin tana da wadatar albarkatun scandium kuma ta gina layin samar da sinadarin scandium oxide mai tsafta, wanda ya aza harsashi na samar da alluran aluminium-scandium.
500 MPa hot stamping aluminum gami ga motoci
Har yanzu akwai sarari a cikin hot stamping high-ƙarfin aluminum gami kayan a China. Haɗuwa da sababbin kayan aiki da sababbin haɓaka tsarin haɓaka shine hanya mai mahimmanci don magance matsalar haɓakar sassan mota mai ƙarfi na aluminum gami da kafa. Mayar da hankali kan jerin allo na 7XXX, bincikar abubuwan gami na 2XXX, da haɓaka 500 MPa sa kayan gami na aluminium don ɗaukar hoto mai zafi suna da muhimmiyar fa'ida don kera sassan motoci masu rikitarwa.
Abubuwan da aka haɗa da aluminum
Aluminum-karfe multilayer composite plate: Haɗin ingantacciyar alaƙa tsakanin aluminium da bene na ƙarfe ya zama ɗaya daga cikin maƙasudai don ɗaukar nauyi na manyan jiragen ruwa. Ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar aluminum-karfe da aka yi amfani da shi don waldawa tsakanin aluminum da ƙwanƙwasa karfe yana samar da mafita don maye gurbin tsarin riveting na gargajiya. Kamfanin Honda ya samar da fasahar hada karfe da aluminium wanda za a yi amfani da shi a duniya a cikin firam ɗin mota da aka kera da yawa. A halin yanzu, kayan haɗin gwiwar aluminum-karfe da ake amfani da su a kasar Sin ana shigo da su ne daga kasashen waje, tare da farashin da ya kai 4 × 10 5 CNY / t. Tare da manyan jiragen ruwa masu girma a nan gaba, yanayin zafi mai girma na walda, mafi girman damuwa, da kuma haɗin kai mai ƙarfi ana buƙatar don haɗin gwiwar miƙa mulki, kuma ana buƙatar haɗin gwiwar aluminum-karfe mai girma da gaggawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-08-2025
