1.
An fara ɗaukar nauyi a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kuma da farko Kattai na kayan abinci na gargajiya. Tare da ci gaba ci gaba, ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci. Tun daga lokacin da Indiya ta fara amfani da kayan aluman aluminum don samar da abubuwan hawa na farko na dukkan manyan motoci na Allantaye a cikin 1999, aluminum alloy ya ga karfi da karfi, mai girma takamaiman karfi da taurin kai, Kyakkyawan zamani da juriya, juriya, babban sakayya, da kuma yawan farfadowa. A shekarar 2015, aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen na aluminum riguna a cikin motoci na motoci sun riga sun wuce 35%.
Haske na ɗaukar nauyin mota na kasar Sin ya fara ƙasa da shekaru 10 da suka gabata, da duka fasahar ƙungiyar ƙasa LAC bayan ƙasashe masu tasowa, Amurka, da Japan. Koyaya, tare da ci gaban motocin sabbin makamashi, hasken lantarki yana ci gaba cikin sauri. Leverarging the hauhawar motocin sabbin motocin makamashi, yana nuna yanayin kamawa da ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Kasuwancin kayan Lightweight na China sun kasance mawuyacin hali. A gefe guda, idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe masu tasowa a ƙasashen waje, da fasahar hasken wuta ta fara marigayi, kuma nauyin abin hawa na rufe shi ya fi girma. La'akari da kwatancen kayan abu mai nauyi 'Matsakaici a cikin ƙasashen waje, har yanzu akwai sauran matalauta don ci gaba a China. A gefe guda, da manufofin suka kori, da saurin masana'antun makamashi na kasar Sin zai inganta kamfanonin mawuyacin hali don motsawa zuwa Lighwweight.
Inganta ingancin wuce gona da iri yana tilasta karfin ɗaukar nauyin motoci masu ɗaukar nauyi. Kasar Sin ta yi cikakken cikakken aiwatar da ka'idojin VIPis a 2020. A cewar hanyar "kimantawa ta hanyar samar da makamashi da kuma sabon motocin makamashi da kuma sabon aikin mai samar da mai. Yin la'akari da iyakantaccen sarari don mahimmin nasara a fasaha da kayan injiniyoyi, ana iya ɗaukar matakan mota da amfani. Haske na sabbin motocin makamashi ya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don ci gaban masana'antu.
A shekara ta 2016, al'ummomin Injiniya na kasar Sin da ke cetar da makamashi da kuma sabbin abubuwa na samar da makamashi, da kayan masana'antu don sabbin motocin makamashi daga 2020 zuwa 2030. Lightweight zai zama jagorar mabuɗin don ci gaban sabon motocin makamashi na gaba. Haskeweighting zai iya ƙara yawan ɓarna da adireshin "damuwa damuwa" a cikin motocin kuzari. Tare da ƙara yawan iya tsawaita kewayon tsawaita iyaka, ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar nauyi ya zama da gaggawa, da kuma siyar da sabbin motocin da ke da kuzari sun yi girma sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Dangane da bukatun ci tsarin ci da kuma "Tsarin ci gaban-da-dogon lokaci na masana'antar kera," an kiyasta raka'a da aka yiwa kungiyar ta kasar Sin ta zarge raka'a miliyan 6, tare da ci gaban shekara-shekara ragi da wuce 38%.
2.Aluminum Daidaici Halaye da Aikace-aikace
2.1 Halayen halaye na aluminum
Yawan aluminium shine kashi ɗaya bisa uku shine na ƙarfe, yana sa ya fi sauƙi. Yana da takamaiman takamaiman ƙarfi, iya ƙarfin ƙarfin haɓaka, juriya mai ƙarfi, da kuma karaya. Alumuran aluminium suna da alaƙa da kasancewa da yawa sun hada da magnesium, suna nuna kyakkyawar juriya, mai kyau walkiya, da ikon ƙara ƙarfi ta hanyar aiki mai sanyi. Tsarin 6 yana cikin halin da aka haɗa da maganganu da yawa da silicon, tare da Mg2su a matsayin babban karfafa lokaci. Mafi yawan amfani da alloys a wannan rukunin sune 603, 606, da 6005A. 5052 Aluminum Aluminum shine jerin al-MG alloy aluminum, tare da magnesium a matsayin babban abin da ya kamata. Shine mafi yawan amfani da anti-tsatsa aluminum ado. Wannan alloy yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin gajiya, kyakkyawan filastik, ba za a iya ƙarfafa shi da ƙuruciya mai zafi ba, kyawawan filastik juriya, da kyawawan kaddarorin juriya. Ana amfani da shi musamman ne don abubuwan haɗin kamar bangarori gefen, rufin rufin, da kuma ƙofofin ƙofa. 606 Aluminum Alloy ciwo ne-danshi-mai tabbatar da Dayoy a cikin jerin Al-MG-SIR, tare da magnesium da silicon a matsayin masu silicon a matsayin babban abubuwan abubuwan. Hannun zafi ne mai karfafa ra'ayi iri iri iri iri tare da karfi matsakaici, galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin tsarin tsari kamar ginshiƙai da bangarori na gefe don ɗaukar ƙarfi. An gabatar da gabatarwa ga maki rigar aluminium an nuna a cikin Table 1.
2.2 Fasali ne mai mahimmanci na aluminium
Alilums aluminium yana da hanyar samar da zafi, kuma dukkan tsarin samarwa ya shafi kafa kayan aluminum a karkashin damuwa sau uku. Za'a iya bayyana tsarin samarwa kamar haka: A. Aluminum da sauran alloys sun narke kuma an jefa su cikin aluminum da ake buƙata alumum na allon billets; b. An saka Billets da aka saka a cikin kayan aiki na kwari don tasirin. A karkashin aikin babban silinda, aluminium siloy billet an kafa shi cikin bayanan da ake buƙata ta hanyar ƙirar ƙirar; c. Don inganta kayan aikin injin na aluminium, ana yin magani a lokacin ko bayan ɓarke, da yin tsufa. Abubuwan da ke da kayan aikin bayan jiyya na tsufa sun bambanta da kayan abubuwa daban-daban daban-daban da gwamnatocin tsufa. An nuna matsayin magani mai zafi na bayanan fayilolin akwatin-akwati na akwatin akwatin guda biyu.
Aluminum Alumann Products suna da fa'idodi da yawa akan sauran hanyoyin samar da abubuwa:
a. A lokacin wucewa, ƙarfe mai saukar ungulu yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi da kuma ƙarin ɗabi'a guda uku na damuwa fiye da mirgina da mirgewa na ƙarfe da aka sarrafa. Ana iya amfani da shi don aiwatar da karafa mai wahala wanda ke jujjuyawa wanda ke ɓoyewa ko ƙyalle kuma ana iya amfani da shi don samun kayan haɗin gwiwa daban-daban.
b. Saboda geometry na bayanan bayanan aluminum za a iya bambanta, abubuwan haɗin su suna da madaurin ciki, wanda zai iya inganta halayen abin hawa, ku rage halayen sarrafa abin hawa, da kuma inganta halayen sarrafa abin hawa.
c. Kayayyaki tare da tasirin tasirin, bayan an kashe da tsufa, suna da mafi girman ƙarfin abubuwa masu tsayi (r, raz) fiye da samfuran da ake sarrafa su.
d. A farfajiya na samfurori bayan tasirin da ke da launi mai kyau da kyawawan lalata juriya, kawar da buƙatar sauran rigakafin jiyya na lalata.
e. Gudanarwa mai wucewa yana da sassauƙa mai yawa, ƙananan kayan aiki da farashi mai yawa, da ƙananan farashin canji na ƙira.
f. Saboda ikon nuna bayanin martaba na aluminium, digiri na haɗin haɗi na iya raguwa, ana iya rage yawan abubuwan haɗin kai, da kuma zane-zane daban-daban na iya cimma daidaitaccen wuri.
Kwatancen wasan kwaikwayon tsakanin bayanan martaba na aluminum don manyan motocin akwatin da filayen carbon da aka nuna a cikin tebur 3.
Jagorar ci gaba na gaba daga cikin bayanan aluminium na gaba don manyan motocin akwatin: kara inganta martaba da inganta aikin kwastomomi. Jagorancin bincike na sabbin kayan don alumcin alloy bayanin martaba na akwatin-text don hoto 1.
3.Aluminum alloy tsarin ginin akwatin, nazarin ƙarfi, da tabbaci
3.1 Aluminum Aluminum Aluloy akwatin kaya
Akwatin motocin da ke cikin akwatin da ke cikin Babban Panel ɗin, Hagu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Majalisar Rufe Gudanar da Majalisar Dinkin, da masu gadi na rufin, masu gadi na gefen an haɗa shi da Chassis na biyu na biyu. Akwatin jikin akwatin, ginshiƙai, da bangarori masu ƙarfi, da bangarorin ƙofa suna yin sahun bayanan martaba na aluminium, aluminum aluminium rijiyar da aka yi da 50, aluminium aluminium reiny lebur faranti. Tsarin katako na aluminum alloy akwatin katako an nuna a cikin Hoto na 2.
Yin amfani da Tsarin Haske na Sigar na 6 Alumomin 6 Alumanum Sufery na iya samar da kayan haɗi da taurin kai, da biyan bukatun haɗi tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban. Saboda haka, babban tsarin ƙirar itace da sashi na lokacin inertia i da tsayayya da lokacin w an nuna a cikin Hoto na 3.
A kwatanta manyan bayanai a Table 4 ya nuna cewa lokutan bangaren ineertia da tsayayya da lokacin da aka kirkira da bayanin martaba na katako na katako. Matsakaicin matakan daidaitattun bayanai suna da kusan iri ɗaya ne na bayanan pury-many, kuma duk haɗuwa da bukatun nakasa.
3.2 Matsakaicin damuwa
Shan saman bangaren da ba a ɗaukar mahaɗan, giciye, kamar yadda aka ƙididdige abu, an lasafta matsakaicin damuwa. Hated kaya shine 1.5 t, kuma an sanya giciye na 6063-T6 da aka nuna a matsayin tsari na 5. An sanya katako a matsayin tsari na gundura don ƙididdigar ƙarfi.
Shan katako, an ƙididdige mahaɗan a kan katako a matsayin F = 3757 n bisa kan 4.5t, wanda shine sau uku gefen daidaitaccen lamuni. q = f / l
inda q ne danniya na ciki na katako a karkashin nauyin, n / mm; F shine kayan aikin da katako, wanda aka lissafta dangane da sau 3 Matsayi na daidaitawa, wanda yake; L shine tsawon katako, mm.
Saboda haka, damuwa na ciki q shine:
Damuwa da danniya tsari shine kamar haka:
Matsakaicin lokacin shine:
Dauke darajar lokacin, m = 27423 N · 21.05 × W) = 15.08 × W) = 15.08 × W) = 15.08 × W) = 15.08
3.3 Halayen Haɗin Abubuwa daban-daban
Aluminum riguna bashi da kaddarorin walkiya, da ƙarfin waldi mai walwala shine kawai 60% na ƙarfin kayan duniya. Saboda murfin wani Layer na Al2O3 a kan Aluminum Supoy surloy, melting m na Al2O3 yana da girma, yayin da melting batun aluminium yake. A lokacin da aluminum ado ne welded, da Al2o3 a farfajiya dole ne a fashe da sauri don yin waldi. A lokaci guda, ragowar Al2o3 zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin mafita Al2o3 zai kasance cikin tsarin Aluminum kuma yana rage ƙarfin yanayin aluminum mai walwala. Saboda haka, lokacin da ke zayyana akwati duk-aluminum, waɗannan halaye suna la'akari. Welding shine babban yanayin matsayin, kuma ana haɗa manyan abubuwan ɗaukar kayan ɗaukar kaya masu ɗaukar hoto suna da alaƙa da ƙwararru. Haɗi kamar riveting da tsarin dovetail an nuna a cikin Figurs 5 da 6.
Babban tsarin allonum na aluminum na aluminum yana ɗaukar tsari tare da katako na kwance, ginshiƙai, da katako da kuma kewaye da juna. Akwai wuraren haɗi huɗu tsakanin kowane katako na kwance da kuma shinge na tsaye. Abubuwan haɗin haɗin an haɗa su da magunguna masu magani zuwa raga tare da ƙarshen gefen katako, mai hanawa. Abubuwan da suka shafi maki takwas suna da alaƙa da kayan haɗin karfe, an gyara tare da faranti na alumomin da aka rufe kansu a cikin akwatin don ƙarfafa matsayin kusurwa a cikin. Bayyanar na waje na akwatin bashi da wani walda ko abubuwan haɗin haɗi, tabbatar da bayyanar da akwatin.
3.4
Ana amfani da fasahar injiniya synchronous don magance matsalolin da manyan karkara suka haifar don abubuwan haɗin da suka dace da wuraren da suka samo asali. Ta hanyar bincike na cae (duba Hoto na 7-8), ana gudanar da bincike na ƙarfe tare da jikin jikin da aka yi da shi don inganta haɓakar akwatin, don haɓaka tsarin ƙirar da haɓaka tsarin ƙirar da ya dace .
4. Flightweight sakamako na aluminum alloy akwatin akwatin
Baya ga akwatin jikin, ana iya amfani da allolin aluminum na aluminum don maye gurbin kwalayen motocin manyan abubuwa, masu gubobi, ƙafafun ƙasa, da ke ƙarƙashin gefuna na gefe na 30% zuwa 40% don sutturar kaya. Tasirin rage nauyi sakamako na babu komai a ciki 4080mm × 2200mm cargo ganga da aka yi a cikin Table Weightiti, da kuma haɗar da maganganun kifaye.
Ta hanyar maye gurbin da ƙarfe na gargajiya tare da allolin aluminum don kayan aikin mota, ba wai kawai zai iya ba da gudummawa ga mai tanadi mai, raguwar watsi da kaya ba. A halin yanzu, akwai ra'ayoyi dabam dabam game da gudummawar hasken wutar lantarki zuwa mai tanadi mai. Sakamakon bincike na Cibiyar Aluminum na Aluminu na Duniya an nuna a cikin Hoto na 9. Kowane raguwa 10% a cikin nauyin abin hawa na iya rage yawan mai da 6% zuwa 8%. Dangane da ƙididdigar na cikin gida, rage nauyin kowane motar fasinja da kilogiram 100 na iya rage yawan mai amfani da 0.4 l / 100 km. Hadarin Haske mai nauyin mai zuwa mai tanadi ya dogara da sakamakon da aka samo daga hanyoyin bincike daban-daban, don haka akwai wasu bambance bambancen. Koyaya, ɗaukar nauyin motoci na sarrafa kansa yana da tasiri sosai akan rage yawan mai amfani.
Don motocin lantarki, tasirin haske ya fi furta. A halin yanzu, naúrar makamashin ƙarfin motocin lantarki ya banbanta da cewa motocin mai mai na al'ada. Da nauyin ikon ikon (wanda ya hada da baturin) motocin lantarki sau da yawa na asusun 20% zuwa 30% na jimlar nauyin motar. Lokaci guda, watse ta hanyar yin amfani da batirin batirin batirin shine ƙalubalen duniya. Kafin akwai babban nasara a cikin fasahar batir na babban aiki, hanya mai inganci ita ce hanya ce mai amfani don inganta yawan motocin lantarki. Ga kowane raguwa dari 100 cikin nauyi, ana iya ƙara yawan motocin lantarki da kashi 6% zuwa 11% (alaƙar da ke tsakanin ragi a cikin Hoto na 10). A halin yanzu, raunin motocin tsarkakakkiyar lantarki ba za su iya biyan bukatun yawancin mutane ba, amma rage nauyi ta hanyar wani adadin na iya inganta kwarewar mai amfani.
5.Kakar
Baya ga tsarin Aluminum na aluminum na aluminum Aluloy akwatin akwatin da aka gabatar a wannan labarin . Suna da amfanin nauyi mai nauyi, babban takamaiman ƙarfi, da kuma kyawawan halaye na lalata, kuma kada ku buƙaci fenti na lalata fenti, rage yanayin fenti na lantarki. A aluminum akwatin akwatin akwatin da yawa yana magance matsalolin wuce kima, wadanda ba bisa doka ba game da sanarwa, da kuma rikitar da hadarin gargajiya na ƙarfe.
Lissafi ne mai mahimmanci don kayan aiki na aluminium, da bayanan bayanan aluminum suna da kyakkyawan kaddarorin na kayan aiki, don haka sashen ya samar da wadataccen kayan aikin yana da girma. Saboda m Cross-sashe-sashe na aluminium na iya cimma haɗin ayyukan da yawa, sanya shi abu mai kyau don ɗaukar nauyi. Koyaya, aikace-aikacen dazuzzuka na allolinum na aluminum suna fuskantar ƙalubalen kwatanci irin su alumpoy na kaya, da babban ci gaba da farashin gabatarwa don sababbin samfuran. Babban dalilin har yanzu shine cewa aluminum reshen farashin fiye da karfe kafin a sake amfani da ilimin halittu na aluminum aloys ya girma.
A ƙarshe, ikon aikace-aikacen aluminium a cikin motoci zai zama babban ƙarfi, kuma amfanin kansu zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa. A cikin abubuwan da ke cikin yanzu na ceton kuzari, raguwar kafar masana'antar makamashi, tare da zurfin kayan aikin kayan kwalliya, za a sami kayan aiki na aluminium alloy a cikin ɗaukar nauyi.
Gyara ta May Jiang daga Matuminum
Lokaci: Jan-12-024
