1. Halaye na aluminum da aluminum gami musamman madaidaicin extrusion kayan
Irin wannan samfurin yana da siffa ta musamman, kaurin bangon bakin ciki, nauyin naúrar haske, da tsananin buƙatun haƙuri. Irin waɗannan samfuran galibi ana kiran su bayanan allo (ko ultra-precision) bayanan martaba (bututu), kuma fasahar samar da irin waɗannan samfuran ana kiran su daidai. (ko ultra-daidaici) extrusion.
Babban fasali na aluminum gami na musamman madaidaicin (ko ultra-daidaici) extrusions sune:
(1) Akwai nau'o'i da yawa, ƙananan batches, kuma yawancin su kayan aiki ne na musamman na extrusion, wanda aka yi amfani da su a kusan kowane fanni na rayuwa da kuma duk wani nau'i na rayuwar mutane, ciki har da duk kayan extrusion, kamar bututu, sanduna, profiles. da wayoyi, da suka haɗa da gami da yanayi daban-daban. Saboda ƙananan ɓangaren giciye, kaurin bangon kauri, nauyi mai sauƙi, da ƙananan batches, gabaɗaya ba shi da sauƙi a tsara samarwa.
(2) Siffofi masu rikitarwa da kwane-kwane na musamman, galibi masu siffa, lebur, fadi, fuka-fukai, haƙori, bayanan martaba ko bututu. Wurin da ke ƙasa a kowace juzu'i yana da girma, kuma fasahar samarwa yana da wahala.
(3) Babban aikace-aikacen, aiki na musamman da buƙatun aiki. Don saduwa da buƙatun amfani da samfurin, yawancin jihohin haɗin gwiwa an zaɓi su, suna rufe kusan dukkanin allo daga 1 × × zuwa jerin 8 × × da yawancin jihohin jiyya, tare da babban abun ciki na fasaha.
(4) Kyakkyawar bayyanar da kaurin bango, gabaɗaya ƙasa da 0.5mm, wasu ma sun kai kusan 0.1mm, nauyin kowace mita kaɗan ne kawai gram zuwa dubun gram, amma tsayin zai iya kaiwa mita da yawa, ko ma ɗaruruwan mita. .
5) Daidaitaccen ma'auni da buƙatun haƙuri na geometric na sashin suna da tsauri sosai. Gabaɗaya magana, haƙurin ƙananan bayanan bayanan madaidaicin alloy aluminium sun fi sau biyu mai tsauri kamar juriya na musamman na ƙimar JIS, GB, da ASTM. Haƙurin kauri na bango na bayanan bayanan bayanan alloy na gabaɗaya ana buƙatar kasancewa tsakanin ± 0.04mm da 0.07mm, yayin da juriyar juzu'in sashe na bayanan bayanan alloy na alumini mai madaidaici na iya zama sama da ± 0.01mm. Misali, nauyin madaidaicin bayanin martabar aluminum da aka yi amfani da shi don potentiometer shine 30g/m, kuma kewayon haƙuri na girman sashin shine ± 0.07mm. Haƙurin girman juzu'i na madaidaicin bayanan martaba na aluminium don looms shine ± 0.04mm, karkacewar kusurwa bai wuce 0.5 ° ba, kuma matakin lanƙwasawa shine 0.83 × L. Wani misali shi ne babban madaidaicin ɗigon lebur don motoci, tare da faɗin 20mm, tsayin 1.7mm, kauri na bango na 0.17± 0.01mm, da ramuka 24, waɗanda sune ainihin bayanan martaba na allo na aluminum.
(6) Yana da babban abun ciki na fasaha kuma yana da matukar wuya a samar da shi, kuma yana da buƙatu na musamman don kayan aiki na extrusion, kayan aiki, billets da matakan samarwa. Hoto 1 misali ne na sashin wasu ƙananan bayanan bayanan alloy na aluminum.
2. Rarraba aluminum gami musamman madaidaicin extrusion kayan
Daidaitawa ko matsananci-daidaici aluminum gami extrusions ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin kayan lantarki, sadarwa kayan aiki da yankan-baki kimiyya, kasa tsaro da kuma soja masana'antu, madaidaicin inji kayan aiki, rauni halin yanzu kayan aiki, Aerospace, nukiliya masana'antu, makamashi da kuma iko, submarines da jiragen ruwa. motoci da kayan aikin sufuri, kayan aikin likita, kayan aikin hardware, hasken wuta, daukar hoto da na'urorin lantarki. Gabaɗaya magana, daidaito ko matsananci-daidaicin aluminum gami extrusions za a iya raba kashi biyu bisa ga sifofin bayyanar su: rukuni na farko shine bayanan martaba tare da ƙananan girma. Irin wannan bayanin martaba kuma ana kiransa ultra-small profile ko ƙaramin siffa. Gabaɗayan girmansa yawanci milimita kaɗan ne kawai, ƙaramin kauri na bango bai wuce 0.5mm ba, kuma nauyin naúrar yana da gram da yawa zuwa dubun giram a kowace mita. Saboda ƙananan girman su, yawanci ana buƙatar haƙuri mai ƙarfi akan su. Misali, juriyar juzu'in giciye ya kasance ƙasa da ± 0.05mm. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ake buƙata don daidaitawa da tarkace na samfuran da aka cire su ma suna da tsauri.
Wani nau'in bayanan martaba ne waɗanda ba ƙanƙanta ba ne a cikin girman yanki amma suna buƙatar juriya mai tsauri sosai, ko bayanan martaba waɗanda ke da siffa mai sarƙaƙƙiya da kaurin bango ko da yake girman ɓangaren yana da girma. Hoto na 2 yana nuna bututu mai siffa ta musamman (masana'anta tsantsar aluminium) wanda wani kamfani na Japan ya fitar akan injin injin lantarki na 16.3MN a kwance tare da tsaga na musamman don na'urar sanyaya iska. Wahalar extrusion forming irin wannan profile bai kasa na tsohon irin matsananci-kanana profile. Extruded profiles tare da babban sashe size da matukar tsananin haƙuri buƙatun ba kawai bukatar ci-gaba mold zane fasaha, amma kuma bukatar m management fasahar ga dukan samar tsari daga blank zuwa gama samfurin.
Tun daga farkon 1980s, saboda aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da su na Conform ci gaba da fasahar extrusion da haɓaka fasahar masana'antu, haɓakar ƙanana da ƙananan bayanan martaba sun haɓaka cikin sauri. Koyaya, saboda dalilai daban-daban kamar ƙarancin kayan aiki, buƙatun ingancin samfur, da ci gaba a cikin fasahar extrusion, samar da ƙananan bayanan martaba akan kayan aikin extrusion na al'ada har yanzu yana da babban rabo. Hoto 2 yana nuna madaidaicin bayanan martaba na extrusion na tsagawar mutuwa na al'ada. Rayuwa na mold (musamman ƙarfin da juriya na shunt gada da kuma mold core) da kuma kayan da ke gudana a lokacin extrusion ya zama manyan abubuwan da suka shafi samar da shi. Wannan shi ne saboda a lokacin da extruding profile, girman da mold core ne kananan da kuma siffar ne hadaddun, da kuma ƙarfi da kuma sa juriya abubuwa ne masu muhimmanci da suka shafi rayuwar mold, da mold rayuwa kai tsaye rinjayar samar da kudin. A gefe guda, yawancin madaidaicin bayanan martaba suna da bangon bakin ciki da sifofi masu rikitarwa, kuma kwararar kayan aiki yayin aiwatar da fitar da kai tsaye yana shafar sifa da daidaiton girman bayanan martaba.
Don hana fim ɗin oxide da mai da ke saman billet ɗin daga kwarara zuwa cikin samfurin kuma tabbatar da daidaito da ingantaccen ingancin samfurin, billet ɗin mai zafi zuwa yanayin zafin da aka saita ana iya ba da shi kafin extrusion (wanda ake kira peeling mai zafi), da kuma sa'an nan da sauri saka a cikin extrusion ganga don extrusion. Haka nan kuma, a kiyaye tsaftar gas din da aka fitar don hana mai da datti daga riko da gas a yayin aikin cire matsewar da ya wuce kima bayan fitar daya sannan a sanya gas din a waje na gaba.
Dangane da daidaiton girman sashe da sifa da haƙurin matsayi, ana iya raba ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙirar aluminium zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanan allo na musamman na aluminium da ƙananan bayanan martaba (ƙananan) ultra-high madaidaicin bayanan alloy na aluminum. Gabaɗaya, daidaiton sa ya zarce ma'aunin ƙasa (kamar GB, JIS, ASTM, da dai sauransu) ultra-high madaidaicin ana kiransa bayanan bayanan allo na musamman na musamman, alal misali, juriyar juzu'i yana sama da ± 0.1mm, haƙurin kauri na bango fashe fashe yana cikin ± 0.05mm ~ ± 0.03mm bayanan martaba da bututu.
Lokacin da daidaito ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu na daidaitattun daidaitattun madaidaicin ƙasa, ana kiran shi ƙaramin (ƙananan) ƙwararrun madaidaicin bayanan allo na aluminum, kamar juriyar juzu'i na ± 0.09mm, haƙurin kauri na bango na ± 0.03mm ~ ± 0.01mm don ƙarami (ƙananan) bayanin martaba ko bututu.
3. Ci gaban al'amurra na aluminum da aluminum gami na musamman madaidaicin extrusion kayan
A cikin 2017, samarwa da tallace-tallace na kayan sarrafa aluminum a duniya sun wuce 6000kt / a, wanda samarwa da tallace-tallace na aluminum da aluminum gami extrusion kayan aiki ya wuce 25000kt / a, lissafin fiye da 40% na jimlar samarwa da tallace-tallace na aluminum. Aluminum extruded matsakaici sanduna lissafta 90%, wanda general profiles da sanduna da kanana da matsakaita-sized farar hula profile profile lissafin fiye da 80% na mashaya, manya da matsakaita-sized profiles da musamman na musamman profiles da sanduna lissafta kawai game da 15%. Bututun yana da kusan kashi 8% na kayan da aka fitar na aluminium, yayin da bututu mai siffa da bututu na musamman ke da kusan kashi 20% na bututun. Ana iya gani daga sama cewa mafi girma samarwa da tallace-tallace na aluminum da aluminum gami da mafi yawan amfani da su ne kananan da matsakaici-sized farar hula profile profiles, general profiles da sanduna da kuma bututu. Kuma bayanan martaba na musamman, sanduna da bututu kawai suna lissafin kusan 15%, babban halayen irin waɗannan samfuran sune: tare da ayyuka na musamman ko aiki; Sadaukarwa ga wata manufa ta musamman; Samun girman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun girma ko ƙarami; Tare da madaidaicin girman girman girma ko buƙatun saman. Sabili da haka, nau'in ya fi yawa kuma batch ya ragu, buƙatar haɓaka matakai na musamman ko ƙara wasu kayan aiki da kayan aiki na musamman, samarwa yana da wuyar gaske kuma kayan fasaha yana da girma, farashin samarwa ya karu kuma ƙara darajar.
Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da kuma ci gaba da inganta rayuwar mutane, mafi girma da kuma mafi girma bukatun da aka sanya a gaba ga fitarwa, inganci da iri-iri na aluminum da aluminum gami extrusion kayayyakin, musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da fitowan na samfurin keɓancewa yana da. ya inganta haɓaka bayanan martaba na musamman da bututu tare da keɓaɓɓun halaye da takamaiman amfani.
Ana amfani da bayanan martaba mai ma'ana sosai a cikin kayan aikin lantarki, sadarwa, kayan aiki da kayan aikin sadarwa, injunan madaidaici, kayan aikin daidaitaccen kayan aiki, kayan aiki mai rauni, sararin samaniya, jiragen ruwa na nukiliya da jiragen ruwa, masana'antar kera motoci da sauran filayen ƙananan, bangon bakin ciki, girman sashi na sosai. daidai sassa. Yawancin buƙatun haƙuri suna da tsauri sosai, alal misali, juriyar juzu'in juzu'in sashe yana ƙasa da ± 0.10mm, haƙurin kauri na bango ya zama ƙasa da ± 0.05mm. Bugu da kari, da flatness, karkatarwa da sauran nau'i da matsayi tolerances na extruded kayayyakin su ma sosai m. Bugu da kari, a cikin extrusion tsari na musamman kananan matsananci-daidaici aluminum gami profiles, da kayan aiki, da mold, da tsari ne sosai m bukatun. Saboda saurin bunkasuwar masana'antar zamani, babban matakin tsaro na kasa da bincike na kimiyya da sauran ayyukan da inganta matakin keɓancewa, adadin, iri-iri da ingancin ƙananan bayanan martaba suna ƙaruwa sosai, kodayake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. ya ci gaba da kuma samar da mai yawa high quality kananan matsananci-daidaici aluminum gami profiles, amma har yanzu ba zai iya saduwa da bukatun na kasuwa, musamman, akwai har yanzu babban rata tsakanin gida da fasaha da kayan aiki don samar da kananan ultra-madaidaicin bayanan bayanan allo na aluminum da matakin ci gaba na duniya, wanda ba zai iya biyan buƙatun kasuwannin gida da na waje ba kuma dole ne a kama su.
4. Kammalawa
Aluminum da aluminum gami musamman madaidaicin extrusion (bayanin martaba da bututu) wani nau'in nau'in hadadden tsari ne, kauri na bangon bakin ciki, juriya mai girma da sifa da daidaiton matsayi na buƙatun suna da matukar buƙata, babban abun ciki na fasaha, samar da wahala mai girma, kayan lafiya, shine ƙasan ƙasa. tattalin arziki da tsaron ƙasa ba makawa mabuɗin key kayan, da fadi da kewayon amfani, alƙawarin ci gaban al'amurra na kayan. Samar da wannan samfurin yana da buƙatu na musamman don billet, kayan aiki da kayan aikin extrusion da tsarin extrusion, kuma dole ne a warware jerin manyan matsalolin fasaha na fasaha don samun samfurori masu kyau a cikin batches.
May Jiang ta gyara daga MAT Aluminum
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-07-2024
