1. Gabatarwa
Mold shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don extrusion bayanin martaba na aluminum. A lokacin aiwatar da extrusion bayanin martaba, ƙirar yana buƙatar jure yanayin zafi, matsa lamba, da babban gogayya. A lokacin amfani na dogon lokaci, zai haifar da lalacewa, nakasar filastik, da lalacewar gajiya. A lokuta masu tsanani, yana iya haifar da karyewar ƙirjin.
2. Siffofin gazawa da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙura
2.1 Rashin lalacewa
Wear shine babban nau'i wanda ke haifar da gazawar mutuwar extrusion, wanda zai haifar da girman bayanan martabar aluminum ya kasance daga tsari kuma ingancin saman ya ragu. A lokacin extrusion, bayanan martaba na aluminum sun haɗu da ɓangaren budewa na kogin mold ta hanyar kayan extrusion a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da matsanancin matsa lamba ba tare da aikin lubrication ba. Ɗayan gefe yana hulɗa kai tsaye tare da jirgin saman ɗigon caliper, ɗayan kuma yana zamewa, yana haifar da babban juzu'i. Fuskar rami da saman bel ɗin caliper suna fuskantar lalacewa da gazawa. A lokaci guda kuma, yayin aiwatar da jujjuyawar ƙirar, wasu ƙarfe na billet suna manne da saman aiki na ƙirar, wanda ke haifar da canjin ƙirar ƙira kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi ba, kuma ana ɗaukarsa azaman gazawar lalacewa, wanda shine. bayyana a cikin nau'i na passivation na yankan gefen, zagaye gefuna, nutsewar jirgin sama, saman tsagi, peeling, da dai sauransu.
Takamammen nau'in lalacewa na mutuwa yana da alaƙa da abubuwa da yawa kamar saurin aikin juzu'i, kamar nau'ikan sinadarai da kaddarorin inji na kayan mutuwa da billet ɗin da aka sarrafa, ƙarancin saman mutu da billet, da matsa lamba. zafin jiki, da sauri yayin aiwatar da extrusion. The lalacewa na aluminum extrusion mold ne yafi thermal lalacewa, thermal lalacewa ne lalacewa ta hanyar gogayya, da karfe surface softening saboda tashin zafin jiki da kuma saman mold rami interlocking. Bayan an yi laushi saman ramin ƙura a babban zafin jiki, juriyarsa ta ragu sosai. A cikin aiwatar da lalacewa na thermal, zafin jiki shine babban abin da ke shafar yanayin zafi. Mafi girman zafin jiki, mafi girman lalacewa na thermal.
2.2 Nakasar filastik
Nakasar filastik na bayanin martabar aluminum extrusion mutu shine tsarin samar da kayan aikin mutuƙar ƙarfe.
Tun da extrusion mutu yana cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, matsa lamba mai yawa, da kuma babban juzu'i tare da ƙarfe da aka cire na dogon lokaci lokacin da yake aiki, yanayin zafin jiki na mutuwar yana ƙaruwa kuma yana haifar da laushi.
A ƙarƙashin yanayin nauyi mai yawa, babban adadin nakasar filastik zai faru, yana haifar da bel ɗin aiki ya rushe ko ƙirƙirar ellipse, kuma siffar samfurin da aka samar zai canza. Ko da ƙirar ba ta haifar da tsagewa ba, zai yi kasala saboda ba za a iya tabbatar da daidaiton girman bayanin martabar aluminum ba.
Bugu da kari, saman extrusion mutu yana ƙarƙashin bambance-bambancen zafin jiki da ke haifar da maimaitawar dumama da sanyaya, wanda ke haifar da canjin yanayin zafi na tashin hankali da matsawa a saman. A lokaci guda kuma, microstructure kuma yana jurewa canje-canje zuwa digiri daban-daban. Ƙarƙashin wannan tasirin haɗin gwiwa, ƙurawar ƙura da nakasar filastik za ta faru.
2.3 Lalacewar gajiya
Lalacewar gajiyar thermal shima yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan gazawar mold. Lokacin da mai zafi sandar aluminum ya zo cikin lamba tare da saman extrusion mutu, da surface zafin jiki na aluminum sanda ya tashi da sauri fiye da na ciki zafin jiki, da kuma matsawa matsa lamba a kan surface saboda fadada.
A lokaci guda, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na mold surface yana raguwa saboda karuwar yawan zafin jiki. Lokacin da karuwar matsa lamba ya wuce ƙarfin amfanin ƙasa na ƙarfe a daidai zafin jiki, nau'in matsi na filastik yana bayyana a saman. Lokacin da bayanin martaba ya bar ƙirar, yanayin zafin jiki yana raguwa. Amma lokacin da zafin jiki a cikin bayanin martaba yana da girma, nau'in ƙwanƙwasa zai haifar.
Hakazalika, lokacin da karuwar damuwa mai ƙarfi ya wuce ƙarfin amfanin gona na farfajiyar bayanin martaba, ƙwayar filastik filastik zai faru. Lokacin da nau'in ƙirar gida ya wuce iyaka na roba kuma ya shiga yankin nau'in filastik, sannu a hankali tarin ƙananan nau'in filastik na iya haifar da fashe gajiya.
Sabili da haka, don hana ko rage raunin gajiya na mold, ya kamata a zaɓi kayan da suka dace kuma a dauki tsarin kula da zafi mai dacewa. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a biya hankali don inganta yanayin amfani da mold.
2.4 Karyewar Mold
A cikin ainihin samarwa, ana rarraba fasa a wasu sassa na mold. Bayan wani lokacin sabis, ana haifar da ƙananan fasa kuma sannu a hankali fadada cikin zurfi. Bayan faɗuwar faɗuwa zuwa ƙayyadaddun girman, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin ƙirar zai zama mai rauni sosai kuma ya haifar da karaya. Ko kuma microcracks sun riga sun faru a lokacin maganin zafi na asali da kuma sarrafa nau'in, yana sauƙaƙa don faɗaɗawa da kuma haifar da fashewar wuri yayin amfani.
Dangane da ƙira, manyan dalilai na gazawar su ne ƙirar ƙarfin ƙirar ƙira da zaɓi na radius fillet a canjin canji. Dangane da masana'anta, manyan dalilai sune pre-bincike kayan aiki da hankali ga ɓacin rai da lalacewa yayin aiki, da tasirin maganin zafi da ingancin jiyya.
A lokacin amfani, ya kamata a biya hankali ga kula da mold preheating, extrusion rabo da ingot zafin jiki, kazalika da sarrafa extrusion gudun da karfe nakasawa kwarara.
3. Inganta rayuwar mold
A cikin samar da bayanan martaba na aluminum, farashin mold yana lissafin babban kaso na farashin samar da bayanan martaba.
Hakanan ingancin samfurin yana shafar ingancin samfurin kai tsaye. Tun da yanayin aiki na extrusion mold a profile extrusion samar da sosai matsananci, shi wajibi ne don tsananin sarrafa mold daga zane da kayan zažužžukan zuwa karshe samar da mold da m amfani da kiyayewa.
Musamman a lokacin aikin samarwa, ƙirar dole ne ya sami kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi, gajiyar zafi, juriya na thermal lalacewa da isasshen ƙarfi don tsawaita rayuwar sabis na ƙirar kuma rage farashin samarwa.
3.1 Zaɓin kayan ƙira
Tsarin extrusion na bayanan martaba na aluminium babban zafin jiki ne, tsari mai ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi, kuma ƙarancin ƙarancin aluminum yana fuskantar yanayin amfani sosai.
Mutuwar extrusion yana fuskantar yanayin zafi mai zafi, kuma yanayin zafin gida na iya kaiwa digiri 600 ma'aunin celcius. Ana yin zafi da zafi akai-akai da sanyaya saman extrusion, yana haifar da gajiyar thermal.
Lokacin extruding aluminum gami, da mold dole ne jure babban matsawa, lankwasawa da karfi danniya, wanda zai haifar da m lalacewa da abrasive lalacewa.
Dangane da yanayin aiki na extrusion mutu, ana iya ƙayyade abubuwan da ake buƙata na kayan.
Da farko dai, kayan yana buƙatar samun kyakkyawan aiki na tsari. Kayan yana buƙatar sauƙi don narkewa, ƙirƙira, tsari da maganin zafi. Bugu da ƙari, kayan yana buƙatar samun ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Extrusion ya mutu gabaɗaya yana aiki ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da matsa lamba. Lokacin extruding aluminum gami, da tensile ƙarfi na mutu abu a dakin da zazzabi ake bukata ya zama mafi girma 1500MPa.
Yana buƙatar samun ƙarfin zafi mai zafi, wato, ikon tsayayya da nauyin inji a yanayin zafi mai zafi yayin extrusion. Yana buƙatar samun tasiri mai ƙarfi da ƙima mai ƙima a yanayin zafin jiki na al'ada da zafin jiki mai girma, don hana ƙirar ƙira daga raguwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa ko tasirin tasiri.
Yana buƙatar samun juriya mai girma, wato, saman yana da ikon yin tsayayya da lalacewa a karkashin dogon lokaci mai zafi mai zafi, matsa lamba da ƙarancin lubrication, musamman ma lokacin da aka fitar da alluran aluminum, yana da ikon yin tsayayya da manne karfe da lalacewa.
Ana buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi mai kyau don tabbatar da manyan kaddarorin injiniyoyi iri ɗaya a duk sassan giciye na kayan aiki.
Ana buƙatar high thermal watsin don da sauri watsar da zafi daga aiki surface na kayan aiki mold don hana gida overburning ko wuce kima asarar inji ƙarfi na extruded workpiece da mold kanta.
Yana buƙatar samun juriya mai ƙarfi ga maimaita damuwa na cyclic, wato, yana buƙatar ƙarfi mai ɗorewa don hana lalacewar gajiya da wuri. Hakanan yana buƙatar samun wasu juriya na lalata da kyawawan kaddarorin nitridability.
3.2 Madaidaicin ƙira na mold
Madaidaicin ƙira na mold shine muhimmin sashi na tsawaita rayuwar sabis. Tsarin gyare-gyaren da aka tsara daidai ya kamata ya tabbatar da cewa babu yiwuwar tasirin tasiri da damuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani na yau da kullum. Saboda haka, a lokacin da zayyana mold, kokarin yin danniya a kan kowane bangare ko da, da kuma kula da kauce wa kaifi sasanninta, concave sasanninta, bango kauri bambanci, lebur m bakin ciki bango sashe, da dai sauransu, don kauce wa wuce kima danniya taro. Sa'an nan, haifar da zafi jiyya nakasawa, fatattaka da gaggautsa karaya ko farkon zafi fatattaka a lokacin amfani, yayin da daidaitaccen zane ne ma dace da musayar ajiya da kuma kiyaye mold.
3.3 Inganta ingancin maganin zafi da jiyya na ƙasa
Rayuwar sabis na extrusion mutu ya dogara ne akan ingancin maganin zafi. Saboda haka, ci-gaba da zafi magani hanyoyin da zafi magani tafiyar matakai, kazalika da tauri da kuma surface karfafa jiyya suna da muhimmanci musamman don inganta rayuwar sabis na mold.
A lokaci guda, maganin zafi da matakan ƙarfafawa ana sarrafa su sosai don hana lahani na maganin zafi. Daidaita quenching da tempering tsarin sigogi, ƙara yawan pretreatment, stabilization jiyya da tempering, kula da zafin jiki kula, dumama da kuma sanyaya tsanani, ta yin amfani da sabon quenching kafofin watsa labarai da kuma nazarin sabon matakai da kuma sabon kayan aiki kamar ƙarfafawa da toughening jiyya da daban-daban surface ƙarfafawa. jiyya, suna da kyau don inganta rayuwar sabis na mold.
3.4 Inganta ingancin masana'anta
A lokacin sarrafa gyare-gyare, hanyoyin sarrafawa na gama gari sun haɗa da sarrafa injina, yankan waya, sarrafa fitar da wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu. Tsarin injina wani abu ne da ba makawa kuma muhimmin tsari ne a cikin tsarin sarrafa ƙura. Ba wai kawai ya canza girman bayyanar mold ba, amma kuma kai tsaye yana rinjayar ingancin bayanin martaba da rayuwar sabis na mold.
Waya yankan ramukan mutu wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita sosai wajen sarrafa ƙera. Yana inganta ingantaccen aiki da daidaiton sarrafawa, amma kuma yana kawo wasu matsaloli na musamman. Alal misali, idan an yi amfani da ƙirar da aka sarrafa ta hanyar yankan waya kai tsaye don samarwa ba tare da fushi ba, slag, peeling, da dai sauransu zai iya faruwa cikin sauƙi, wanda zai rage rayuwar sabis na mold. Saboda haka, isa tempering na mold bayan waya yankan iya inganta surface tensile danniya jihar, rage saura danniya, da kuma ƙara da sabis na mold.
Matsakaicin damuwa shine babban dalilin karaya. A cikin iyakokin da aka ba da izini ta hanyar zane, mafi girman diamita na waya yankan waya, mafi kyau. Wannan ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen inganta aikin sarrafawa ba, amma kuma yana inganta rarraba damuwa don hana abin da ya faru na damuwa.
Injin fitar da wutar lantarki wani nau'i ne na injin lalata lantarki da ake yi ta hanyar babban matsayi na tururi, narkewa da kuma fitar da ruwa da ake samarwa yayin fitarwa. Matsalar ita ce saboda zafin dumama da sanyaya aiki a kan injin injin da kuma aikin lantarki na injin injin, an samar da wani gyare-gyaren Layer a cikin sashin injin don samar da damuwa da damuwa. A cikin yanayin mai, carbon atoms sun lalace saboda konewar mai yaduwa da carburize zuwa kayan aikin. Lokacin da damuwa na thermal ya karu, lalacewar Layer ya zama mai laushi kuma yana da wuyar fashewa. A lokaci guda, saura danniya da aka kafa da kuma haɗe zuwa workpiece. Wannan zai haifar da raguwar ƙarfin gajiya, saurin karaya, lalata damuwa da sauran abubuwan mamaki. Don haka, yayin aikin sarrafawa, ya kamata mu yi ƙoƙarin guje wa matsalolin da ke sama da haɓaka ingancin sarrafawa.
3.5 Inganta yanayin aiki da yanayin aiwatar da extrusion
Yanayin aiki na extrusion mutu yana da matukar wahala, kuma yanayin aiki ma yana da kyau sosai. Sabili da haka, inganta hanyar tsarin extrusion da sigogin tsari, da inganta yanayin aiki da yanayin aiki suna da amfani don inganta rayuwar mutu. Saboda haka, kafin extrusion ya zama dole a hankali tsara tsarin extrusion, zaɓi mafi kyawun tsarin kayan aiki da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, tsara mafi kyawun sigogin tsarin extrusion (kamar zafin jiki na extrusion, saurin haɓakawa da matsa lamba, da sauransu) yanayin aiki a lokacin extrusion (kamar sanyaya ruwa ko sanyaya nitrogen, isassun lubrication, da sauransu), don haka rage nauyin aiki na mold (kamar rage matsa lamba, rage sanyi. zafi da madadin kaya, da dai sauransu), kafa da inganta tsarin aiki da hanyoyin amfani da aminci.
4 Kammalawa
Tare da ci gaban masana'antun masana'antar aluminum, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kowa yana neman ingantattun samfuran ci gaba don inganta haɓaka, adana farashi, da haɓaka fa'idodi. Mutuwar extrusion babu shakka muhimmin kumburin kulawa don samar da bayanan martaba na aluminum.
Akwai abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi rayuwar almuran extrusion mutu. Baya ga abubuwan ciki irin su tsarin tsari da ƙarfin mutuwa, kayan mutuwa, sarrafa sanyi da thermal da fasahar sarrafa wutar lantarki, maganin zafi da fasahar jiyya ta saman, akwai tsarin extruding da yanayin amfani, mutun kiyayewa da gyarawa, extrusion. Halayen kayan samfuri da siffa, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da sarrafa ilimin kimiyya na mutu.
A lokaci guda kuma, abubuwan da ke da tasiri ba guda ɗaya ba ne, amma matsala ce mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci, don inganta rayuwarta ba shakka kuma matsala ce ta tsarin, a cikin ainihin samarwa da amfani da tsarin, yana buƙatar inganta ƙirar ƙira. sarrafa mold, yin amfani da kulawa da sauran mahimman abubuwan sarrafawa, sa'an nan kuma inganta rayuwar sabis na mold, rage farashin samar da kayayyaki, inganta ingantaccen samarwa.
May Jiang ta gyara daga MAT Aluminum
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-14-2024
