1. Abubuwan Macroscopic da ke Taimakawa Ƙirƙirar Fasa
1.1 Yayin da ake ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyare, ana fesa ruwa mai sanyaya kai tsaye a saman ingot, yana haifar da matsanancin zafin jiki a cikin ingot. Wannan yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin yankuna daban-daban, yana haifar da kamun kai da haifar da matsalolin zafi. Ƙarƙashin wasu wuraren damuwa, waɗannan matsalolin na iya haifar da fashewar ingot.
1.2 A cikin samar da masana'antu, fashewar ingot sau da yawa yana faruwa a matakin farko na simintin simintin gyare-gyare ko kuma ya samo asali azaman microcracks wanda daga baya yaduwa yayin sanyaya, mai yuwuwar yaduwa cikin duka ingot. Baya ga tsagewa, wasu lahani kamar rufewar sanyi, warping, da kuma rataye na iya faruwa yayin matakin farko na simintin gyare-gyare, yana mai da shi muhimmin lokaci a cikin gabaɗayan aikin simintin.
1.3 Lalacewar simintin sanyi kai tsaye zuwa tsattsage mai zafi yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun sinadarai, ƙari na gwal, da adadin masu tace hatsi da ake amfani da su.
1.4 Haɓakar zafi mai zafi na gami ya samo asali ne saboda matsalolin ciki waɗanda ke haifar da samuwar ɓarna da fasa. An ƙaddara samuwarsu da rarraba su ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa, narke ingancin ƙarfe, da sigogin simintin ci gaba na ci gaba. Musamman, manyan-sized ingots na 7xxx jerin aluminum gami suna da haɗari musamman ga fashewar zafi saboda abubuwa masu haɗawa da yawa, jeri mai ƙarfi, matsanancin damuwa na simintin simintin gyare-gyare, rarrabuwar iskar shaka na abubuwan gami, ingantacciyar ƙarancin ƙarfe, da ƙarancin tsari a cikin zafin jiki.
1.5 Nazarin ya nuna cewa filayen lantarki da abubuwan haɗawa (ciki har da masu tace hatsi, manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, da abubuwan ganowa) suna tasiri sosai ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da saurin fashewa na ci gaba da jefa 7xxx jerin gami.
1.6 Bugu da ƙari, saboda hadadden abun da ke ciki na 7050 aluminum gami da kasancewar abubuwan da ke cikin sauƙi mai sauƙi, narke yana ɗaukar ƙarin hydrogen. Wannan, haɗe tare da haɓakar oxide, yana haifar da haɗin kai na iskar gas da haɓakawa, yana haifar da babban abun ciki na hydrogen a cikin narkewa. Abubuwan da ke cikin hydrogen ya zama maɓalli mai mahimmanci wanda ke shafar sakamakon dubawa, halayen karaya, da gajiyawar kayan da aka sarrafa. Sabili da haka, dangane da tsarin kasancewar hydrogen a cikin narkewa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da kafofin watsa labaru na adsorption da kayan aikin tacewa don cire hydrogen da sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa daga narke don samun narke mai tsabta mai tsabta.
2. Abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar ƙira
2.1 Ingot zafi fashe an ƙaddara shi da farko ta ƙimar ƙaƙƙarfan raguwa, ƙimar ciyarwa, da girman girman yankin mushy. Idan girman yankin mushy ya wuce madaidaicin kofa, zazzagewar zafi zai faru.
2.2 Gabaɗaya, ana iya raba tsarin ƙarfafawar gami zuwa matakai da yawa: ciyar da abinci mai yawa, ciyarwar interdendritic, rabuwar dendrite, da haɗin gwiwar dendrite.
2.3 A lokacin matakin rabuwa na dendrite, makamai na dendrite sun zama mafi kusantar cushe kuma ana iyakance kwararar ruwa ta hanyar tashin hankali. The permeability na mushy zone an rage, da kuma isa solidification shrinkage da thermal danniya na iya haifar da microporosity ko ma zafi fasa.
2.4 A cikin matakin gadar dendrite, ƙaramin adadin ruwa ne kawai ya rage a mahadar sau uku. A wannan gaba, kayan da ke da ƙarfi yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da filastik, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi shine kawai hanyar da za ta rama ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara da damuwa na thermal. Wadannan matakai guda biyu sun fi dacewa su haifar da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiya ko tsagewar zafi.
3. Shirye-shiryen Ingots Masu Inganci Mai Kyau Dangane da Haɓaka Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙira
3.1 Manya-manyan ingots na katako galibi suna nuna fashewar ƙasa, porosity na ciki, da haɗawa, waɗanda ke yin tasiri sosai ga halayen injina yayin ƙarfafa gami.
3.2 Abubuwan injuna na gami yayin ƙarfafawa sun fi dogara akan sifofin tsarin ciki, gami da girman hatsi, abun ciki na hydrogen, da matakan haɗawa.
3.3 Don aluminium alloys tare da tsarin dendritic, tazarar hannu na dendrite na biyu (SDAS) yana tasiri sosai ga kayan aikin injiniya da tsarin ƙarfafawa. Mafi kyawun SDAS yana haifar da samuwar porosity a baya da mafi girman ɓangarorin porosity, yana rage matsananciyar damuwa don fashewar zafi.
3.4 Rashin lahani irin su interdendritic shrinkage voids da haɗawa suna raunana ƙarfi na ƙaƙƙarfan kwarangwal kuma suna rage mahimmancin damuwa da ake buƙata don fashewa mai zafi.
3.5 Halittar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ce mai mahimmanci wadda ke tasiri mai zafi mai zafi. Lokacin da hatsi ke canzawa daga dendrites na columnar zuwa globular equiaxed hatsi, gami yana nuna ƙananan zafin jiki da ingantacciyar ruwa ta interdendritic, wanda ke hana ci gaban pore. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan hatsi na iya ɗaukar nau'i mai girma da ƙima kuma suna ba da ƙarin hadaddun hanyoyin yaduwa, ta yadda za a rage yanayin fashewar gabaɗaya.
3.6 A cikin samarwa mai amfani, inganta aikin narkewa da dabarun simintin gyare-gyare-kamar tsananin sarrafa haɗawa da abun ciki na hydrogen, da tsarin hatsi-na iya haɓaka juriya na ciki na ingots na slab zuwa fashe mai zafi. Haɗe tare da ingantattun ƙirar kayan aiki da hanyoyin sarrafawa, waɗannan matakan na iya haifar da samar da ingantaccen amfanin gona, babban sikeli, ingots mai inganci.
4. Gyaran Hatsi na Ingot
7050 aluminum gami da farko yana amfani da iri biyu na hatsi refiners: Al-5Ti-1B da Al-3Ti-0.15C. Nazarin kwatancen kan aikace-aikacen cikin layi na waɗannan masu tacewa sun nuna:
4.1 Ingots da aka tace tare da Al-5Ti-1B suna baje kolin ƙananan girman hatsi da ƙarin juyi iri ɗaya daga gefen ingot zuwa tsakiya. Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar hatsi ya fi sirara, kuma gabaɗayan aikin tace hatsi ya fi ƙarfi a cikin ingot.
4.2 Lokacin da aka yi amfani da albarkatun da aka tace a baya tare da Al-3Ti-0.15C, tasirin tace hatsi na Al-5Ti-1B yana raguwa. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka ƙari na Al-Ti-B fiye da wani maƙasudi ba ya inganta daidaitaccen tace hatsi. Don haka, kari na Al-Ti-B yakamata a iyakance shi zuwa fiye da 2 kg / t.
4.3 Ingots da aka tace tare da Al-3Ti-0.15C sun ƙunshi mafi yawa na lallausan hatsi, daidai gwargwado na duniya. Girman hatsi yana da ɗanɗano iri ɗaya a faɗin faɗin. Bugu da ƙari na 3-4 kg / t na Al-3Ti-0.15C yana da tasiri wajen daidaita ingancin samfur.
4.4 Musamman, lokacin da aka yi amfani da Al-5Ti-1B a cikin 7050 gami, TiB₂ barbashi suna son rabuwa zuwa fim ɗin oxide akan saman ingot a ƙarƙashin yanayin sanyi mai sauri, ƙirƙirar gungu waɗanda ke haifar da samuwar slag. A lokacin ingot solidification, waɗannan gungu suna raguwa a ciki don samar da tsagi-kamar folds, suna canza yanayin tashin hankali na narke. Wannan yana ƙara narke danko kuma yana rage yawan ruwa, wanda hakan ke haifar da samuwar tsaga a gindin mold da kusurwoyi masu fadi da kunkuntar fuskoki na ingot. Wannan yana haɓaka haɓakar ƙima kuma yana haifar da mummunan tasiri ga yawan amfanin ƙasa.
4.5 Idan akai la'akari da samar da nau'i na 7050 gami, tsarin hatsi na irin wannan ingots na cikin gida da na duniya, da kuma ingancin samfuran da aka sarrafa na ƙarshe, Al-3Ti-0.15C an fi son a matsayin mai sarrafa hatsi a cikin layi don jefa 7050 gami - sai dai in takamaiman yanayi ya buƙaci in ba haka ba.
5. Halin Gyaran Hatsi na Al-3Ti-0.15C
5.1 Lokacin da aka ƙara mai tace hatsi a 720 ° C, hatsin sun ƙunshi da farko na tsarin da aka daidaita tare da wasu sassa kuma sune mafi kyawun girman.
5.2 Idan narkewar yana daɗe da yawa bayan ƙara mai tacewa (misali, bayan mintuna 10), ƙarancin girma na dendritic ya mamaye, yana haifar da ƙananan hatsi.
5.3 Lokacin da ƙarin adadin mai sarrafa hatsi ya kasance 0.010% zuwa 0.015%, ana samun nau'in hatsi masu kyau.
5.4 Bisa ga masana'antu tsari na 7050 gami, da mafi kyau duka hatsi tace yanayi ne: Bugu da kari zafin jiki a kusa da 720 ° C, lokaci daga Bugu da kari zuwa karshe solidification sarrafawa a cikin minti 20, da kuma refiner adadin a kusan 0.01-0.015% (3-4 kg / t na Al-3Ti-0.15C).
5.5 Duk da bambancin girman ingot, jimlar lokacin daga ƙara mai tace hatsi bayan fitowar narke, ta hanyar in-line tsarin, trough, da mold, zuwa ƙarshe ƙarfafawa yawanci 15-20 minutes.
5.6 A cikin saitunan masana'antu, haɓaka adadin mai sarrafa hatsi fiye da abun ciki na Ti na 0.01% baya inganta haɓakar hatsi. Madadin haka, ƙari fiye da kima yana haifar da haɓakar Ti da C, yana ƙara yuwuwar lahani na abu.
5.7 Gwaje-gwaje a wurare daban-daban - mashigar Degas, magudanar ruwan degas, da tudun simintin gyare-gyare—sun nuna ƙarancin bambance-bambance a girman hatsi. Koyaya, ƙara mai tacewa kai tsaye a cikin tudun simintin gyare-gyare ba tare da tacewa ba yana ƙara haɗarin lahani yayin binciken ultrasonic na kayan sarrafawa.
5.8 Don tabbatar da tsabtace hatsi iri ɗaya da kuma hana tarawar mai tacewa, ya kamata a ƙara mai tace hatsi a mashigar tsarin lalata.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-16-2025
