Bayanan Bayanan Bayanan alamu alonium suna zuwa a cikin nau'ikan da bayanai da bayanai, suna da matakan samarwa da yawa, fasahar hadaddun. Daban-daban lahani ba makawa za su faru a yayin duk aikin samar da simintin gyare-gyare, extrusion, ƙarewar maganin zafi, jiyya na ƙasa, ajiya, sufuri da marufi.
Dalilai da hanyoyin kawar da lahani na saman:
1. Yin shimfida
Dalili:
Babban dalili shi ne cewa saman abin da ke cikin ingot yana cike da mai da ƙura, ko kuma ɓangaren aiki na ƙarshen gaba na ganga na extrusion yana sawa sosai, yana haifar da tarin ƙazantaccen ƙarfe a kusa da yankin na gaba na gaba. An kafa shi lokacin da saman zamiya na yankin na roba ya mirgina cikin gefen samfurin yayin extrusion. Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana a ƙarshen wutsiya na samfurin. A lokuta masu tsanani, yana iya kuma bayyana a tsakiyar ƙarshen ko ma ƙarshen samfurin. Har ila yau, akwai shirye-shiryen ramin mutuwar da ba su da ma'ana, kusa da bangon ciki na ganga na extrusion, yawan lalacewa ko nakasar ganga na extrusion da kushin extrusion, da dai sauransu, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da shimfidawa.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Inganta tsaftar saman da aka samu.
2) Rage ƙarancin saman silinda extrusion da mold, da sauri maye gurbin silinda extrusion da kushin extrusion wanda aka sawa sosai kuma ba tare da haƙuri ba.
3) Inganta ƙirar ƙirar ƙira kuma sanya matsayi mai mutuƙar mutuwa kamar nisa daga gefen silinda extrusion kamar yadda zai yiwu.
4) Rage bambanci tsakanin diamita na extrusion kushin da diamita na ciki na extrusion Silinda, da kuma rage saura datti karfe a cikin rufi na extrusion Silinda.
5) Rike rufin silindar extrusion ɗin daidai, ko amfani da gasket don tsaftace rufin cikin lokaci.
6) Bayan an yanke ragowar kayan, sai a tsaftace shi kuma kada a bar mai mai mai.
2. Kumfa ko kwasfa
Dalili:
Dalilin shi ne cewa tsarin ciki na ingot yana da lahani irin su sako-sako, pores, da tsagewar ciki, ko kuma saurin fitar da sauri a lokacin cikawa, kuma shayarwa ba ta da kyau, yana sa iska ta shiga cikin samfurin karfe. .
Dalilan samar da kumfa ko bawon sun haɗa da:
1) The extrusion Silinda da extrusion kushin an sawa kuma daga haƙuri.
2) Silinda extrusion da kushin extrusion suna da datti sosai kuma sun lalace da mai, danshi, graphite, da dai sauransu;
3) Akwai ramuka masu zurfi da yawa a saman ingot; ko akwai pores, blisters, sako-sako da nama, da tabo mai a saman ingot. Abubuwan da ke cikin hydrogen na ingot ya fi girma;
4) Ba a tsaftace ganga ba lokacin da ake maye gurbin gwangwani;
5) Yanayin zafin jiki na silinda extrusion da extrusion ingot sun yi yawa;
6) Girman ingot ya wuce abin da aka yarda da shi mara kyau;
7) Ingot ɗin yana da tsayi da yawa, cike da sauri, kuma yanayin zafin abin da ke cikin ingot bai dace ba;
8) Tsarin ramin mutuwa ba shi da ma'ana. Ko yanke sauran kayan da ba daidai ba;
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Inganta matakin tacewa, zubar da ruwa da simintin gyare-gyare don hana lahani irin su pores, sako-sako, fasa da sauran lahani a cikin ingot;
2) Haƙiƙa zayyana ma'aunin ma'auni na silinda extrusion da kushin extrusion; duba girman kayan aiki akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa ya dace da bukatun.
3) Kushin extrusion ba zai iya zama daga juriya ba;
4) Lokacin maye gurbin gami, ya kamata a tsabtace Silinda sosai;
5) Rage saurin saurin extrusion da cika matakin;
6) Rike saman kayan aiki da ingots mai tsabta, santsi da bushe don rage lubrication na kushin extrusion da mold;
7) Ƙuntataccen aiki, daidaitaccen yankan kayan da aka rage da cikakken shayewa;
8) Ana amfani da hanyar dumama ingot gradient don sanya zafin kai na ingot ya yi girma da kuma zafin wutsiya. Lokacin da ake cikawa, shugaban ya fara lalacewa, kuma iskar gas a cikin silinda yana raguwa ta hanyar rata tsakanin kushin da bangon silinda extrusion;
9) Bincika kayan aiki da kayan aiki akai-akai don hana yawan zafin jiki da wuce haddi;
10) Haƙiƙa ƙira da ƙera kayan aiki da ƙira, da tsara ramukan jagora da ramukan karkata tare da gangaren ciki na 1 ° zuwa 3 °.
3. Fashewar extrusion
Dalili:
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na tsagewa suna da alaƙa da damuwa da kwararar ƙarfe yayin aikin extrusion. Ɗaukar tsage-tsafe na lokaci-lokaci a matsayin misali, ƙaƙƙarfan sifar gyaggyarawa da tasirin saɓowar lamba suna hana kwararar sararin samaniya. Gudun gudu a tsakiyar samfurin ya fi ƙarfin gudu na ƙarfe na waje, don haka ƙarfe na waje yana ƙarƙashin ƙarin damuwa, kuma cibiyar tana ƙarƙashin ƙarin damuwa. Ƙirƙirar ƙarin damuwa yana canza yanayin danniya na asali a cikin yanki na lalacewa, yana haifar da damuwa na aiki na axial na saman Layer (mafi girman danniya na asali da ƙarin damuwa) na iya zama danniya mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da wannan danniya mai ƙarfi ya kai ainihin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi na ƙarfe, faɗaɗɗen faɗuwa a ciki za su bayyana a saman, siffarsa yana da alaƙa da saurin ƙarfe ta hanyar yanki na lalacewa.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Tabbatar da cewa abun da ke ciki ya dace da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun, inganta ingancin ingot, rage yawan abubuwan da ba su da kyau a cikin ingot wanda zai haifar da raguwa a cikin filastik, kuma rage yawan abun ciki na sodium a cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin magnesium.
2) A aikata sosai aiwatar da dalla-dalla da kayayyakin dalla-dalla, da kuma sarrafa yanayin zafin jiki da sauri gwargwadon kayan da halaye na samfurin.
3) Inganta ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, haɓaka tsayin bel ɗin ƙirar ƙira da haɓaka daidaitaccen radius fillet na sasanninta na giciye. Musamman ma, ƙirar gada mai ƙura, ɗakin tasha, da radius na kusurwa dole ne ya zama m.
4) Inganta sakamako homogenization na ingot da inganta plasticity da uniformity na gami.
5) Lokacin da yanayi ya ba da izini, yi amfani da hanyoyi kamar extrusion mai mai, mazugi mutu extrusion ko baya extrusion don rage rashin daidaituwa.
6) Kula da kayan aiki da kayan aiki akai-akai don tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun.
4. Bawon lemu
Dalili:
Babban dalili shi ne cewa tsarin ciki na samfurin yana da ƙananan hatsi. Gabaɗaya, mafi ƙarancin ƙwayar hatsi, mafi yawan bayyanar su. Musamman idan elongation yana da girma, irin wannan lahani na kwasfa na orange yana iya faruwa.
Hanyoyin rigakafin:
Don hana abin da ya faru na raunin kwasfa na orange, babban abu shine don zaɓar zafin zafin jiki mai dacewa da saurin extrusion da sarrafa elongation. Inganta tsarin ciki na ingot kuma hana ƙananan hatsi.
5. Tabo masu duhu
Dalili:
Babban dalili shi ne cewa yawan sanyaya a wurin tuntuɓar tsakanin ɓangaren kauri mai kauri na bayanin martaba da jigon zafi mai jurewa (ko tsiri graphite) ya fi ƙanƙanta, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan taro mai ƙarfi ya fi ƙasa da sauran wurare. Sabili da haka, tsarin ciki ya bambanta kuma bayyanar yana nuna launi mai duhu.
Hanyar kawarwa:
Babban hanyar ita ce ƙarfafa sanyaya na tebur mai fitarwa kuma kada a tsaya a wuri ɗaya lokacin isa teburin zamiya da gado mai sanyaya, don samfuran su kasance cikin hulɗa tare da yanayin zafi mai jurewa a wurare daban-daban don inganta yanayin sanyi mara daidaituwa.
6. Ratsin nama
Dalili:
Saboda tsarin da bai dace ba da kuma abun da ke ciki na sassan extruded, layin band-kamar a cikin jagorar extrusion suna bayyana akan samfuran. Gabaɗaya yana bayyana a wuraren da kaurin bango ke canzawa. Ana iya ƙayyade wannan ta hanyar lalata ko anodizing. Lokacin canza yanayin lalata, bandeji na iya ɓacewa wani lokaci ko ya canza cikin faɗi da siffa. Dalilin shi ne saboda rashin daidaituwa macroscopic ko microstructure na ingot, rashin isasshen homogenization na ingot ko tsarin dumama ba daidai ba don sarrafa samfurin extruded.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Ya kamata a tace abin da ake ciki don gujewa amfani da ingot mara kyau.
2) Haɓaka ƙirar ƙira, zaɓi siffar da ta dace na kogon jagora, da datsa ramin jagora ko bel mai girman ƙima.
7. Layin walda mai tsayi
Dalili:
Ana haifar da shi ne ta hanyar bambancin tsarin da ke tsakanin ɓangaren welded na ƙwayar ƙarfe da sauran sassa na ƙarfe a cikin extrusion mutu. Ko kuma ana iya haifar da shi ta rashin isassun kayan aikin aluminum a cikin rami na walda a lokacin extrusion.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Inganta zane na gada tsarin da waldi rami na tsaga hade mold. Kamar daidaitawa da tsaga rabo-rabo na tsaga rami yankin zuwa extruded samfurin yankin, da waldi rami zurfin.
2) Don tabbatar da wani nau'i na extrusion rabo, kula da ma'auni tsakanin extrusion zafin jiki da extrusion gudun.
3) Kada a yi amfani da sarƙoƙi na simintin gyare-gyare tare da tabo mai a saman don guje wa haɗa kayan shafawa da abubuwan waje a cikin haɗin walda.
4) Kada a shafa mai a kan silinda mai extrusion da extrusion pad kuma a kiyaye su da tsabta.
5) Ya dace ƙara tsawon sauran kayan da suka rage.
8. Layin walda a kwance ko alamun tsayawa
Dalili:
Babban dalili shi ne cewa yayin ci gaba da extrusion, karfen da ke cikin gyaggyarawa ba shi da kyau a sa shi zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen sabon billet ɗin da aka ƙara.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Zazzage ruwan almakashi da ake amfani da shi don yanke sauran abin da ya rage sannan a daidaita shi.
2) Tsaftace ƙarshen billet ɗin don hana mai mai da abubuwan waje daga haɗuwa a ciki.
3) Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na extrusion da kyau da kuma fitar da hankali a hankali.
4) Haƙiƙa ƙira kuma zaɓi ƙirar kayan aiki, kayan ƙira, daidaita girman girman, ƙarfi da taurin.
9. Ciwon kai, karce
Dalili:
Babban dalili shi ne, lokacin da ake jigilar samfuran a kwance daga teburin zamewa zuwa teburin kayan aikin da aka gama, abubuwa masu wuyar gaske suna fitowa daga gadon sanyaya kuma su karu samfuran. Wasu daga cikinsu suna faruwa a lokacin lodi da sufuri.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) The mold sizing bel ya zama santsi da kuma tsabta, da mold m kayan aiki ya kamata kuma ya zama santsi.
2) Bincika a hankali lokacin shigar da gyare-gyare don kauce wa yin amfani da gyare-gyare tare da ƙananan fasa. Kula da radius fillet lokacin zayyana mold.
3) Bincika kuma goge bel ɗin aikin ƙira da sauri. Taurin mold ya kamata ya zama iri ɗaya.
4) akai-akai duba gado mai sanyaya da kuma gama kayan ajiya tebur. Ya kamata su zama santsi don hana fitowar daɗaɗɗa daga karce samfuran. Hanyar jagora za a iya shafa shi da kyau.
5) Lokacin da ake lodawa, sai a sanya na'urorin da suka fi laushi fiye da kayan da aka gama, kuma a yi jigilar kaya da ɗagawa cikin sauƙi kuma a hankali.
10. Karfe matsi
Dalili:
Babban dalilin shi ne cewa alumina slag generated a fanko wuka matsayi na mold manne da extruded samfurin da gudana a cikin fitarwa tebur ko zamewa fitar da tebur da aka guga man a cikin surface na extruded abu da rollers. A lokacin anodization, babu wani fim na oxide ko indentations ko ramuka da aka kafa inda aka danna karfe.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Sanya bel ɗin ƙima kuma a rage tsawon bel ɗin ƙima.
2) Daidaita wuka mara komai na bel mai girman girman.
3) Canja shimfidar ramukan mutu kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin guje wa sanya shimfidar wuri na samfurin a ƙasa da kuma tuntuɓar abin nadi don hana a danna alumina slag a ciki.
4) Tsaftace saman da ƙarshen abin da aka haɗa da kuma guje wa aske ƙarfe a cikin man mai mai.
11. Sauran lahani na saman
Dalili:
1) A yayin aikin narkewa da simintin gyare-gyare, tsarin sinadarai ba daidai ba ne, tare da ƙananan ƙarfe, pores, da kuma abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba, tsarin ciki na fim din oxide ko karfe ba daidai ba ne.
2) A lokacin aikin extrusion, yanayin zafi da nakasar ba su da daidaituwa, saurin extrusion yana da sauri, sanyaya ba daidai ba, kuma tsarin ba shi da daidaituwa a cikin hulɗar graphite da man fetur.
3) Tsarin ƙira ba shi da ma'ana kuma sauyawa tsakanin kusurwoyi masu kaifi na mold ba su da santsi. Wukar da ba komai a ciki tana da ƙanƙanta da ƙima da ƙarfe, ƙirar ba ta da kyau sosai, tana da burrs kuma ba ta da santsi, kuma maganin nitriding ba shi da kyau. Taurin saman bai yi daidai ba kuma bel ɗin aiki ba shi da santsi.
4) A lokacin aikin jiyya na farfajiya, ƙaddamarwar ruwa na wanka, zafin jiki, da yawa na yanzu ba su da ma'ana, kuma tsarin lalata acid ko alkali lalata tsarin ba daidai ba ne.
Hanyar kawarwa:
1) Sarrafa sinadaran sinadaran, inganta tsarin simintin, ƙarfafa tsarkakewa, tsaftacewa da homogenization.
2) The ingot homogenization tsari na bukatar m sanyaya.
3) Daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki da sauri don tabbatar da nakasar iri ɗaya da amfani da tsayin ingot mai ma'ana.
4) Haɓaka ƙirar ƙira da hanyoyin ƙirar ƙira, ƙara ƙarfin bel ɗin aiki, da rage ƙarancin ƙasa.
5) Inganta tsarin nitriding.
6) Tsananin sarrafa tsarin jiyya na saman don hana lalacewa ta biyu ko gurɓataccen yanayi a lokacin lalatawar acid ko lalata alkali.
May Jiang ta gyara daga MAT Aluminum
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-28-2024
