Da alama Reuters yana da kyakkyawan tushe a cikin Tesla. A wani rahoto mai kwanan ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2023, ta ce akalla mutane 5 ne suka shaida masa cewa kamfanin yana gab da jefa jikin motocinsa guda daya. Mutuwar simintin gyaran kafa hanya ce mai sauƙi. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira, cika shi da narkakkar ƙarfe, bar shi ya huce, cire mold, da voila! Motar nan take. Yana aiki da kyau idan kuna kera motocin Tinkertoys ko Matchbox, amma yana da matukar wahala idan kuna ƙoƙarin amfani da shi don kera manyan motocin.
An gina kekunan Conestoga a saman firam ɗin da aka yi da katako. Motoci na farko kuma sun yi amfani da firam ɗin katako. Lokacin da Henry Ford ya ƙirƙiri layin taro na farko, al'ada ita ce gina motoci a kan firam ɗin tsani - dogo biyu na ƙarfe da aka ɗaure tare da guntun giciye. Motar farko da ba ta da kowa ita ce Citroen Traction Avant a cikin 1934, sai kuma Chrysler Airflow a shekara mai zuwa.
Motocin unibody ba su da firam a ƙarƙashinsu. A maimakon haka, jikin karfen yana yin siffa kuma yana samuwa ta yadda zai iya tallafawa nauyin motar da kuma kare mazauna a yayin da ya faru. Tun daga shekarun 1950s, masu kera motoci, wadanda suka samu kwarin guiwa ta hanyar kera sabbin fasahohin da kamfanonin Japan suka yi kamar Honda da Toyota, sun canza zuwa kera motoci marasa tuka-tuka tare da tukin gaba.
Dukkanin wutar lantarkin, cike da injin, watsawa, banbance-banbance, tutoci, struts, da birki, an shigar dasu akan wani dandali na daban wanda aka daga shi daga kasa akan layin hadawa, maimakon sauke injin da watsawa daga sama yadda yake. an yi don motocin da aka gina akan firam. Dalilin canjin? Saurin haɗuwa lokacin da ya haifar da rage farashin naúrar samarwa.
Na dogon lokaci, fasahar unibody ta fi son abin da ake kira motocin tattalin arziki yayin da firam ɗin tsani shine zaɓi don manyan sedans da kekuna. Akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan gauraye a ciki - motoci masu firam a gaba sun makale zuwa wani rukunin fasinja ba kowa. Chevy Nova da MGB sun kasance misalan wannan yanayin, wanda bai daɗe ba.
Tesla Pivots Zuwa Babban Simintin Matsi
Kamfanin Tesla, wanda ya zama al'ada na kawo cikas ga yadda ake kera motoci, ya fara gwaji da simintin gyare-gyaren matsin lamba shekaru da dama da suka gabata. Da farko ya mayar da hankali kan yin tsarin baya. Lokacin da ya sami wannan dama, ya canza zuwa yin tsarin gaba. Yanzu, bisa ga majiyoyi, Tesla yana mai da hankali kan matsa lamba don jefa gaba, tsakiya, da sassan baya duk a cikin aiki ɗaya.
Me yasa? Domin dabarun masana'antu na gargajiya suna amfani da tambari guda 400 na kowane mutum wanda sai a yi masa walda, a kulle, dunƙule, ko kuma a haɗa su tare don yin cikakken tsari na gama gari. Idan Tesla zai iya samun wannan dama, farashinsa na masana'anta zai iya raguwa da kashi 50 cikin dari. Wannan, bi da bi, zai sanya babban matsin lamba ga kowane masana'anta don ba da amsa ko ga kansu ba za su iya yin gasa ba.
Ba tare da faɗin cewa waɗannan masana'antun suna jin rauni daga kowane bangare yayin da ma'aikatan ƙungiyar masu ƙwazo ke buge kofa suna neman babban yanki na duk wani ribar da ake samu.
Terry Woychowsk, wanda ya yi aiki a General Motors tsawon shekaru 3, ya san wani abu ko biyu game da kera motoci. Yanzu shi ne shugaban kamfanin injiniya na Amurka Caresoft Global. Ya shaida wa kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters cewa idan Tesla ya sami damar yin gigacast mafi yawan abubuwan da ke karkashin EV, hakan zai kara kawo cikas ga yadda ake kera motoci. "Yana da ikon yin amfani da steroids. Yana da babban tasiri ga masana'antar, amma aiki ne mai wahala. Simintin gyare-gyare yana da matukar wahala a yi, musamman babba kuma mafi rikitarwa."
Biyu daga cikin majiyoyin sun ce sabbin fasahohin kera na Tesla na nufin kamfanin na iya kera mota daga kasa cikin watanni 18 zuwa 24, yayin da mafi yawan abokan hamayyar na iya daukar ko'ina daga shekaru uku zuwa hudu. Za a iya amfani da babban firam guda ɗaya - haɗa sassan gaba da na baya tare da tsakiyar ƙasa inda baturin ke cikin gida - ana iya amfani da shi don kera sabuwar karamar motar lantarki wacce ke siyarwa kusan $25,000. Ana sa ran Tesla zai yanke shawarar ko zai mutu a jefar da wani dandali guda daya da zaran wannan watan, in ji uku daga cikin majiyoyin.
Mahimman Kalubale a Gaba
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da Tesla ke fuskanta wajen yin amfani da simintin gyare-gyaren matsa lamba shine tsara ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan amma suna da ƙananan haƙarƙarin da ake bukata don sa su iya tarwatsa dakarun da ke faruwa a lokacin hadari. Majiyoyin suna da'awar sabbin abubuwa ta hanyar ƙira da ƙwararrun simintin gyare-gyare a Biritaniya, Jamus, Japan, da Amurka suna amfani da bugu na 3D da yashin masana'antu.
Yin gyare-gyaren da ake buƙata don babban matsi na simintin gyare-gyare na iya zama tsada sosai kuma ya zo tare da babban haɗari. Da zarar an yi babban gwajin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, tweaks na injina yayin aikin ƙira na iya kashe dala 100,000 a tafi, ko kuma sake yin gyaran gaba ɗaya na iya zuwa dala miliyan 1.5, a cewar wani ƙwararrun simintin. Wani kuma ya ce gabaɗayan tsarin ƙira na babban ƙarfe na ƙarfe zai kashe kusan dala miliyan 4.
Yawancin masu kera motoci sun yi tsammanin tsada da haɗarin sun yi yawa, musamman tunda ƙira na iya buƙatar rabin dozin ko fiye da tweaks don cimma cikakkiyar mutuƙar amo da rawar jiki, dacewa da ƙarewa, ergonomics da rashin daidaituwa. Sai dai hadarin wani abu ne da ba kasafai ke damun Elon Musk ba, wanda shi ne ya fara sa rokoki su tashi da baya.
Yashi Masana'antu & 3D Buga
An ba da rahoton cewa Tesla ya juya zuwa kamfanonin da ke yin gyare-gyaren gwaji daga yashin masana'antu tare da firintocin 3D. Yin amfani da fayil ɗin ƙira na dijital, firintocin da aka fi sani da jets masu ɗaure suna ajiye wakili mai ɗaure ruwa akan ƙaramin yashi mai bakin ciki kuma a hankali suna gina gyambo, layi-layi, wanda zai iya mutu da narkakkar gami. A cewar wata majiya, farashin tsarin tabbatar da ƙira tare da simintin yashi yana kusan kashi 3% na yin abu ɗaya tare da samfurin ƙarfe.
Wannan yana nufin Tesla na iya tweak samfuri sau da yawa kamar yadda ake buƙata, sake buga wani sabo a cikin sa'o'i kadan ta amfani da injina daga kamfanoni kamar Desktop Metal da sashin ExOne. Zagayowar ingantaccen ƙirar ƙira ta amfani da simintin yashi yana ɗaukar watanni biyu zuwa uku kawai, biyu daga cikin majiyoyin sun ce, idan aka kwatanta da ko'ina daga watanni shida zuwa shekara don ƙirar da aka yi da ƙarfe.
Duk da wannan mafi girman sassauci, duk da haka, akwai sauran babbar matsala guda ɗaya da za a shawo kanta kafin a sami nasarar yin babban simintin gyare-gyare. Alloys na aluminum da ake amfani da su don samar da simintin gyare-gyaren suna nuna hali daban-daban a cikin gyare-gyaren da aka yi da yashi fiye da yadda suke yi a cikin kayan da aka yi da karfe. Samfuran farko sukan kasa cika ƙayyadaddun Tesla.
Masu kwararrun magunguna sun mamaye shi ta hanyar samar da allurar rigakafi na musamman, kuma suna zuwa tare da maganin zafi-buri, uku daga cikin hanyoyin. Da zarar Tesla ya gamsu da samfurin yashi, zai iya saka hannun jari a cikin ƙirar ƙarfe ta ƙarshe don samar da taro.
Majiyoyin sun ce Tesla ƙaramar mota/robotaxi mai zuwa ta ba shi cikakkiyar dama don jefa dandalin EV guda ɗaya, musamman saboda ƙarƙashinsa ya fi sauƙi. Kananan motoci ba su da wani babban “sama” a gaba da baya. “Kamar kwale-kwale ne a hanya, tiren baturi mai kananan fukafukai a makale da iyakar biyu. Wannan zai zama ma'ana a yi a yanki ɗaya, "in ji wani mutum.
Majiyoyin sun yi iƙirarin cewa har yanzu Tesla dole ne ya yanke shawarar irin nau'in latsa don amfani da shi idan ya yanke shawarar jefa ƙasa a cikin yanki ɗaya. Don kera manyan sassan jiki da sauri zai buƙaci manyan injunan simintin gyare-gyare tare da ƙarfin matsewa na ton 16,000 ko fiye. Irin waɗannan injuna za su yi tsada kuma suna iya buƙatar manyan gine-ginen masana'anta.
Matsawa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ba za su iya ɗaukar nau'ikan yashi da aka buga na 3D da ake buƙata don yin ƙananan firam ɗin. Don magance wannan matsala, Tesla yana amfani da nau'in latsa daban-daban wanda za'a iya allura narkakkar da shi a hankali - hanyar da ke da alhakin samar da simintin gyare-gyare mafi inganci kuma zai iya daukar nauyin yashi.
Matsalar ita ce: wannan tsari yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. "Tesla na iya har yanzu zabar babban matsin lamba don yawan aiki, ko kuma za su iya zaɓar alluran alluran jinkirin don inganci da haɓaka," in ji ɗaya daga cikin mutanen. "Har yanzu tsabar kuɗi ne a wannan lokacin."
Takeaway
Duk abin da Tesla ya yanke, zai sami tasirin da zai mamaye masana'antar kera motoci a duk duniya. Tesla, duk da raguwar farashi mai mahimmanci, har yanzu yana yin motocin lantarki a riba - wani abu da masu kera motoci na gado ke samun wahala sosai.
Idan Tesla zai iya rage farashinsa na masana'anta ta hanyar amfani da simintin gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi, waɗannan kamfanoni za su kasance cikin matsin tattalin arziki. Ba shi da wuya a yi tunanin abin da ya faru da Kodak da Nokia ke faruwa da su. Inda hakan zai bar tattalin arzikin duniya da duk ma'aikatan da a halin yanzu ke kera motoci na yau da kullun kowa yasan.
Source:https://cleantechnica.com/2023/09/17/tesla-may-have-perfected-one-piece-casting-technology/
Marubuci: Steve Hanley
May Jiang ta gyara daga MAT Aluminum
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-05-2024
