A lokacin zafi na aluminum da aluminum gami, ana yawan ci karo da batutuwa daban-daban, kamar:
- Wurin da ba daidai ba: Wannan na iya haifar da nakasar sashi, sau da yawa saboda rashin isasshen zafi ta hanyar quenching matsakaici a saurin isa don cimma abubuwan da ake so.
-Rapid dumama: Wannan na iya haifar da nakasar thermal; Daidaitaccen sashi yana taimakawa tabbatar da koda dumama.
-Yawan zafi: Wannan na iya haifar da narkewar wani yanki ko narkewar eutectic.
-Surface scaling / high-zazzabi oxidation.
-Mai yawa ko rashin isasshen maganin tsufa, duka biyun na iya haifar da asarar kayan aikin injiniya.
- Canje-canje a cikin lokaci / yanayin zafi / quenching sigogi wanda zai iya haifar da sabawa a cikin kayan aikin injiniya da / ko na jiki tsakanin sassa da batches.
-Bugu da ƙari, rashin daidaituwar zafin jiki, rashin isasshen lokacin rufewa, da rashin isasshen sanyaya yayin maganin zafi na maganin duk na iya ba da gudummawa ga rashin isasshen sakamako.
Maganin zafi muhimmin tsari ne na thermal a masana'antar aluminum, bari mu shiga cikin ƙarin ilimin da ke da alaƙa.
1.Pre-treatment
Hanyoyin magani na farko waɗanda ke inganta tsarin da kuma kawar da damuwa kafin kashewa suna da amfani don rage murdiya. Magani yawanci ya ƙunshi matakai kamar spheroidizing annealing da damuwa taimako annealing, da kuma wasu kuma daukar quenching da tempering ko normalizing jiyya.
Taimakon Danniya: A lokacin aikin injin, ragowar damuwa na iya tasowa saboda dalilai kamar hanyoyin sarrafa kayan aiki, haɗakar kayan aiki, da yanke saurin gudu. Rashin daidaituwar rarraba waɗannan matsalolin na iya haifar da murdiya yayin kashewa. Don rage waɗannan tasirin, kawar da damuwa da damuwa kafin a kashe ya zama dole. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don kawar da damuwa shine gabaɗaya 500-700 ° C. Lokacin dumama a cikin matsakaicin iska, ana amfani da zafin jiki na 500-550 ° C tare da lokacin riƙewa na sa'o'i 2-3 don hana oxidation da decarburization. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da karkatar da ɓangarori saboda nauyin kai yayin lodawa, kuma sauran hanyoyin sun yi kama da daidaitaccen annealing.
Maganin Preheat don Inganta Tsarin Tsarin: Wannan ya hada da spheroidizing annealing, quenching da tempering, normalizing jiyya.
-Spheroidizing Annealing: Mahimmanci ga carbon kayan aiki karfe da gami kayan aiki karfe a lokacin zafi magani, da tsarin samu bayan spheroidizing annealing muhimmanci rinjayar da murdiya Trend a lokacin quenching. Ta hanyar daidaita tsarin bayan annealing, mutum zai iya rage murdiya ta yau da kullun yayin quenching.
-Sauran Hanyoyin Magani: Ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don rage murdiya, kamar quenching da tempering, daidaita magani. Zaɓin magungunan da suka dace kamar quenching da tempering, normalizing jiyya dangane da dalilin ɓarna da kayan ɓangaren na iya rage ɓarna. Duk da haka, taka tsantsan ya zama dole don saura damuwa da taurin yana ƙaruwa bayan zafin jiki, musamman quenching da ƙwaƙƙwaran magani na iya rage faɗaɗawa yayin kashe karafun da ke ɗauke da W da Mn, amma yana da ɗan tasiri akan rage nakasar ƙarfe kamar GCr15.
A cikin samarwa a aikace, gano dalilin kashe murdiya, ko saboda saura damuwa ko rashin tsari, yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen magani. Yakamata a gudanar da aikin kawar da damuwa don murdiya sakamakon raguwar damuwa, yayin da jiyya kamar zafin da ke canza tsarin ba lallai ba ne, kuma akasin haka. Daga nan ne kawai za a iya cimma burin rage murdiya don rage farashi da tabbatar da inganci.
2.Quenching aikin dumama
Yanke Zazzabi: The quenching zafin jiki muhimmanci rinjayar murdiya. Za mu iya cimma manufar rage nakasawa ta hanyar daidaita yanayin zafin jiki, ko kuma izinin mashin ɗin da aka tanada daidai yake da zafin zafin jiki don cimma manufar rage nakasawa, ko kuma zaɓaɓɓen da aka zaɓa da kuma tanadin izinin injin ɗin da zafin jiki bayan gwajin maganin zafi. , domin rage alawus din machining na gaba. Sakamakon quenching zafin jiki a kan quenching nakasawa ba kawai yana da alaƙa da kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin ba, amma har ma yana da alaƙa da girman da siffar aikin. Lokacin da siffar da girman da workpiece ne sosai daban-daban, ko da yake abu na workpiece ne guda, da quenching nakasawa Trend ne quite daban-daban, da kuma ma'aikaci ya kamata kula da wannan halin da ake ciki a ainihin samar.
Quenching Holding Time: Zaɓin lokacin riƙewa ba wai kawai yana tabbatar da dumama sosai da samun ƙarfin da ake so ko kayan aikin injiniya ba bayan quenching amma kuma yana la'akari da tasirinsa akan murdiya. Extending quenching riƙe lokaci da gaske yana ƙara quenching zafin jiki, musamman ma furta ga high carbon da high chromium karfe.
Hanyoyin lodawa: Idan workpiece aka sanya a cikin wani m tsari a lokacin dumama, shi zai haifar da nakasawa saboda nauyi na workpiece ko nakasawa saboda juna extrusion tsakanin workpieces, ko nakasawa saboda m dumama da sanyaya saboda wuce kima stacking na workpieces.
Hanyar dumama: Domin hadaddun-dimbin yawa da sãɓãwar launukansa kauri workpieces, musamman ma wadanda tare da high carbon da gami abubuwa, a jinkirin da uniform dumama tsari yana da muhimmanci. Yin amfani da preheating sau da yawa yakan zama dole, wani lokacin yana buƙatar zagayowar preheating da yawa. Domin ya fi girma workpieces ba yadda ya kamata bi ta hanyar preheating, ta yin amfani da akwatin juriya makera tare da sarrafawa dumama iya rage murdiya lalacewa ta hanyar m dumama.
3. Aikin sanyaya
Rage nakasawa da farko yana haifar da tsarin sanyaya. Matsakaicin zaɓin da ya dace, ƙwararrun aiki, da kowane mataki na tsarin sanyaya kai tsaye yana tasiri quenching nakasar.
Zabin Matsakaici na Quenching: Yayin da ake tabbatar da taurin da ake so bayan quenching, ya kamata a fifita kafofin watsa labarai masu sauƙi don rage murdiya. Yin amfani da matsakaicin wanka mai zafi don sanyaya (don sauƙaƙe daidaitawa yayin da ɓangaren ke ci gaba da zafi) ko ma sanyaya iska ana ba da shawarar. Matsakaici tare da adadin sanyaya tsakanin ruwa da mai kuma na iya maye gurbin hanyoyin ruwa-mai biyu.
-Yanayin sanyaya iska: Ƙarƙashin kwantar da iska yana da tasiri don rage raguwar lalacewa na ƙarfe mai sauri, chromium mold karfe da iska mai sanyaya micro-lalata karfe. Don karfe 3Cr2W8V wanda baya buƙatar tauri mai ƙarfi bayan kashewa, ana iya amfani da quenching iska don rage nakasu ta hanyar daidaita yanayin zafi da kyau.
- sanyaya mai da kashewa: man ne a quenching matsakaici tare da wani yawa m sanyaya kudi fiye da ruwa, amma ga wadanda workpieces tare da high hardenability, kananan size, hadaddun siffar da kuma manyan nakasawa hali, da sanyaya kudi na mai ne ma high, amma ga workpieces da kananan size amma matalauta. hardenability, da sanyaya kudi na man fetur bai isa ba. Domin warware sabanin da ke sama da kuma yin cikakken amfani da man quenching don rage quenching nakasawa na workpieces, mutane sun rungumi dabi'ar daidaita yanayin zafi mai da kuma kara quenching zafin jiki don fadada amfani da man fetur.
-Canza yanayin zafin mai: Yin amfani da zafin mai guda ɗaya don kashewa don rage nakasar da ke faruwa har yanzu yana da matsaloli kamar haka, wato, lokacin da zafin mai ya yi ƙasa, nakasar da ke kashewa har yanzu tana da girma, kuma idan zafin mai ya yi girma, yana da wuya a tabbatar da cewa workpiece bayan quenching taurin. Karkashin tasirin siffa da kayan aiki na wasu kayan aikin, ƙara yawan zafin man mai na iya ƙara nakasar sa. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci don ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki na man fetur na man fetur bayan wucewa gwajin bisa ga ainihin yanayin kayan aiki, girman giciye da siffar.
Lokacin amfani da mai mai zafi don kashewa, don guje wa gobarar da ke haifar da yawan zafin mai da ke haifarwa ta hanyar kashewa da sanyaya, dole ne a samar da kayan aikin kashe gobara da suka dace a kusa da tankin mai. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a rika gwada ingancin man da ake kashewa akai-akai, sannan a kara sabon mai ko kuma a canza shi cikin lokaci.
-Ƙara yawan zafin jiki: Wannan hanya ya dace da kananan giciye-sashe carbon karfe workpieces da kuma dan kadan ya fi girma gami karfe workpieces cewa ba zai iya saduwa da taurin bukatun bayan dumama da zafi adana a al'ada quenching yanayin zafi da man quenching. Ta hanyar ƙara yawan zafin jiki da kyau sannan kuma man mai quenching, ana iya samun tasirin taurare da rage lalacewa. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar don kashewa, ya kamata a kula don hana matsaloli kamar haɓakar hatsi, raguwar kaddarorin inji da rayuwar sabis na workpiece saboda ƙara yawan zafin jiki.
- Rarraba da haɓakawa: Lokacin da quenching taurin iya saduwa da zane bukatun, da rarrabuwa da austempering na zafi wanka matsakaici ya kamata a cika amfani da su cimma manufar rage quenching nakasawa. Wannan hanya kuma tasiri ga low-hardenability, kananan-section carbon tsarin karfe da kayan aiki karfe, musamman chromium-dauke da mutu karfe da high-gudun karfe workpieces tare da high hardenability. Rarraba matsakaicin wanka mai zafi da kuma hanyar sanyaya na austempering sune ainihin hanyoyin quenching don irin wannan ƙarfe. Hakazalika, yana da tasiri ga waɗanda carbon steels da ƙananan-alloy tsarin karfe wanda ba ya bukatar high quenching taurin.
Lokacin kashewa tare da wanka mai zafi, ya kamata a kula da batutuwa masu zuwa:
Na farko, lokacin da aka yi amfani da wanka mai mai don ƙididdigewa da kuma kashe isothermal, ya kamata a kula da zafin mai sosai don hana faruwar wuta.
Na biyu, lokacin da ake kashewa da ma'aunin gishiri na nitrate, tankin gishirin nitrate ya kamata a sanye shi da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da na'urorin sanyaya ruwa. Don wasu tsare-tsare, da fatan za a koma ga bayanan da suka dace, kuma ba za su maimaita su nan ba.
Na uku, ya kamata a kula da zafin jiki na isothermal sosai yayin kashe isothermal. Maɗaukaki ko ƙananan zafin jiki ba ya da amfani don rage nakasar da ke kashewa. Bugu da kari, a lokacin austempering, da rataye Hanyar workpiece ya kamata a zaba don hana nakasawa lalacewa ta hanyar nauyi na workpiece.
Na hudu, lokacin amfani da isothermal ko graded quenching don gyara siffar aikin yayin da yake zafi, kayan aiki da kayan aiki ya kamata su kasance cikakke, kuma aikin ya kamata ya zama mai sauri yayin aiki. Hana illa mara kyau akan ingancin quenching na workpiece.
Aikin sanyaya: Aiki mai fasaha yayin aiwatar da sanyaya yana da tasiri sosai akan ƙudanar ƙuƙwalwa, musamman lokacin da aka yi amfani da matsakun ruwa ko matsakaicin matsi.
-Madaidaicin Hanyar Shiga Matsakaici na Quenching: Yawanci, daidaitattun daidaito ko elongated sanda-kamar workpieces ya kamata a tsaye quenched cikin matsakaici. Ana iya kashe sassan asymmetric a kusurwa. Madaidaicin jagora yana nufin tabbatar da sanyaya iri ɗaya a duk sassan, tare da wuraren sanyaya a hankali suna shiga matsakaici da farko, sannan sassan sanyaya sauri. Yin la'akari da siffar kayan aikin da tasirinsa akan saurin sanyaya yana da mahimmanci a aikace.
-Motsi na Workpieces a cikin Quenching Medium: Yankunan sanyaya a hankali yakamata su fuskanci matsakaicin quenching. Abubuwan aiki masu siffa masu siffa ya kamata su bi madaidaiciyar hanya madaidaiciya a cikin matsakaici, tana riƙe ƙaramin girman girma da motsi mai sauri. Domin bakin ciki da elongated workpieces, kwanciyar hankali a lokacin quenching yana da mahimmanci. Guji lilo kuma la'akari da yin amfani da matsi maimakon daurin waya don ingantacciyar sarrafawa.
-Gudun Quenching: Ya kamata a kashe kayan aiki da sauri. Musamman don sirara, kayan aiki masu kama da sanda, saurin kashewa a hankali na iya haifar da ƙara nakasar lanƙwasa da bambance-bambancen nakasar tsakanin sassan da aka kashe a lokuta daban-daban.
- Sarrafa sanyaya: Don workpieces tare da gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin giciye-sashe size, kare sauri-sanyi sassan da kayan kamar asbestos igiya ko karfe zanen gado don rage su sanyaya kudi da kuma cimma uniform sanyaya.
-Lokacin sanyaya cikin Ruwa: Domin workpieces yafi fuskantar nakasawa saboda tsarin danniya, rage su sanyaya lokaci a cikin ruwa. Don kayan aiki da farko suna jurewa nakasawa saboda damuwa na thermal, ƙara lokacin sanyaya su cikin ruwa don rage nakasar da ke kashewa.
May Jiang ta gyara daga MAT Aluminum
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-21-2024
